Question

The French Revolution

1. Who are the clergy?

2. Write a note on the French Revolution.

3. Explain the Subsistence crisis.

4. Name the King of France during the French Revolution.

5. Describe The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen.

6. What is liberty? State the two conflicting views about it.

7. Write a brief note on “The life of a revolutionary woman – Olympe de Gouges”.

8. Give a reason why Bastille was hated by all. Why did a group of several hundred people storm the fortress prison Bastille?

9. Mention some of the basic rights set forth in Olympe de Gouges’ Declaration.

10. Write a note on the Abolition of Slavery.

11. Write a short biography on any one of the revolutionary figures you have read about in this chapter.

12. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France.

13. Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?

14. Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

15. Draw up a list of democratic rights we enjoy today whose origins could be traced to the French Revolution.

16. Would you agree with the view that the message of universal rights was beset with contradictions? Explain.

17. How would you explain the rise of Napoleon?

18. Explain the terms “Tithes” and “Taille.”

19. Name the author of the book ‘Two Treatises of Government.’

20. Explain “middle class.” Mention three points.

21. Which of the following is the reason that the fortress-prison, the Bastille was hated by all?
(a) It stood for the despotic power of the king
(b) Because of dictatorship
(c) Aristocracy
(d) None of these

22. French women demanded the right to_______
(a) Vote
(b) To be elected in the assembly
(c) To hold political office
(d) All

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• 1] Clergy were the group of persons who were invested with special functions in the church, e.g. fathers, and other members of church. Second Estate: Nobility belonged to 2nd estate. Nobility was hereditary and hence a person could get nobility by birth.

• 2] The French Revolution was a revolution in France from 1789 to 1799. The result of the French Revolution was the end of the monarchy. King Louis XVI was executed in 1793. The revolution ended when Napoleon Bonaparte took power in November 1799.

• 3] Subsistence crisis can be defined as an extreme situation where the basic means of livelihood are endangered. In France, due to the rapid expansion of the population from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789, a subsistence crisis occurred.

• 4] Louis XVI of the Bourbon family was the ruler of France during French Revolution.

• 5] The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, passed by France's National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document of the French Revolution that granted civil rights to some commoners, although it excluded a significant segment of the French population

• 6] Liberty refers to the freedom to do what one likes. When a person is given liberty, one has anything or everything under his/her control. There are two conflicting views regarding liberty, especially with respect to children. There are people who believe that children should be given full liberty.

• 7] Olympe de Gouges was politically active in revolutionary France. She protested against the Constitution and the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen because they did not even give basic political rights to women. Thus, in 1791, she wrote a Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen.

• 8] Bastille was hated by all because it stood for the despotic powers of the king and the court. A lot of people attacked the Fortress prison in bastille in hope for loot of a number of weapons which were needed for the revolution they were planning.

• 9] The basic rights of women are explained below:

☆ (i) Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights.

☆ (ii) The goal of all political associations is the preservation of the natural rights of woman and man. These rights are liberty, property, security and above all resistance to oppression.

☆ (iii) The source of all sovereignty resides in the nation, which is nothing but the union of woman and man.

☆ (iv) The law should be the expression of the general will, all female and male citizens should have a say either personally or by their representatives in its formulation.

☆ (v) No woman is an exception, she is accused, arrested and detained in cases determined by law, woman, like man, obey this rigorous law.

• 10] It was in 1794 that the Convention passed a law to free all slaves in French overseas possessions. But this lasted only for 10 years because when Napoleon Bonaparte became the emperor of France in 1804, he reintroduced slavery. In 1848, Slavery was finally abolished in French colonies.