Question

"The function and the shape of the family were completely transformed by life in the industrial city," Clarify the statement with regard to urbanization that happened in England in the 18 century.

Answer 1

Agriculture improved due to the usage of new tools, fertilizers and harvesting techniques.  At the improvisation made to the Steam Engine by James Watt, the industrial exports became much easier.  Many of the farming lands too converted to industrial land and there were more labour power.  All these were used as labourers in the Industry and foreign trade increased.  Use of coal became an important one and extraction of it from the mines increased.  All these required manpower.

The population in the coastal areas increased due to maritime trade.  Some became rich but some suffered a lot.  Working class suffered a lot.  They lived in a cramped lifestyle and sent their children to work in factories.  There were changes in the lifestyle of women too.  They started working as domestic service.  They started ignoring the farmlands.  Apart from the working class, a new class known as “middle class” was formed. 

This industrial revolution brought in more flow of money which was used in entertainment such as “theatres, concert halls and sports”.  There were political changes and people demanded improvement in social life, education, labour rights and equality.  This stage also saw the abolition of slave trade.  There were changes in the electoral system and “Great Reform Act was passed by the Parliament in 1832.”