The gas which can be liquefied under highest pressure and 40 degree centigrade is nitrogen Nitrogen Oxygen ammonia
Answers
Except for helium, which is mostly extracted from natural gas, oxygen, nitrogen and the other rare gases are extracted from the air that makes up Earth's atmosphere. Unlike the sources of some chemicals there are therefore no concerns about the depletion of this resource and if a sample of air is used to produce one of the gases, there are no problems about venting the 'waste gases' back into the atmosphere.
The ready availability of oxygen and its reactivity with many other elements means that it is used during the production of many other chemicals, whereas some of the uses of nitrogen and the rare gases depend on their inertness.
Uses
Oxygen
The largest user of oxygen is the steel industry. It is also used in the manufacture of other metals, notably copper and lead. It is more economic to use pure oxygen, or oxygen-enriched air, rather than air as this increases the reaction rates and means that smaller chemical plants can be used. Further it makes it easier to ensure that no gases such as sulfur dioxide are lost and pollute the atmosphere.
The gas is also used in the manufacture of many chemicals including nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, epoxyethane and chloroethene (vinyl chloride), the precursor to PVC.
Among its other uses is the burning off of carbon deposited on the fluid catalyst used in the catalytic cracking of gas oil
A growing use for oxygen is in treating sewage and effluent from industry. Polluted rivers and lakes can be cleaned by dissolving oxygen gas directly into the water to encourage a better ecological balance. It is used, for example, in fish farming to provide this balance.
It is also used, with sodium hydroxide, to bleach paper pulp as an alternative to chlorine dioxide or sodium chlorate(I) (sodium hypochlorite).
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is used to make ammonia. It is also widely used to provide an inert atmosphere, a process known as 'blanketing', principally to exclude oxygen. For example, nitrogen is used in this way in food packaging, glass making, and semiconductor manufacture. It is also used to purge out pipes prior to welding (for example, oil pipes) to ensure that no flammable vapours are left behind.
Liquid nitrogen is being increasingly used to refrigerate food during transportation. Medical samples containing, for example blood, viruses for vaccinations and semen, can be stored for long periods if kept cool in liquid nitrogen.
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