the government of .......... has suceeded in improving public health remarkable by providing health services through panchayat ,a)Uttar Pradesh ,b) west bengal c) tamil nadu d) kerala
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Answer:
Many people in India, especially the poor, face the hurdle of seeking effective health care at an affordable cost, at a distance they can travel, and with the dignity they deserve. According to reports from across the world, it is evident that countries having a strong primary health care system, have better health outcomes, lower inequalities, and lower costs of care. Primary care requires a team of health professionals, workers, and volunteers having a judicious skill mix. Some initiatives have been taken by the government in states like Kerala, Assam, Chhattisgarh, etc., to strengthen the primary health care infrastructure and provide primary care as close to their homes as possible. Staff deficiencies were addressed and training was also provided to the untrained staff. The current review focuses on several other primary care organizations that are working in different parts of the country (rural and urban), for e.g. Healthspring, MeraDoctor, Swasth India, Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY) Outpatient Pilot Program, etc. The current review also throws spot light on the type of primary health care system existing in countries like China, South Africa and Brazil. Some lacunae in service delivery are also identified and addressed so that changes can be incorporated at the policy and program level.
Keywords: Family, organizations, primary health care, population, therapeutics
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Introduction
Primary care at its most root definition is medical care delivered with the patient and the community in mind. Traditionally, it refers to the point of first contact between a person and the health system; the point where individuals receive care for most of their routine health needs.[1] Family physicians (FPs) play a significant role in the central health system and need to be equipped with a broad range of clinical skills in order to meet the needs and expectations of the communities they serve. However, central to the concept of primary care is the patient.[2] Primary care includes health promotion, disease prevention, health maintenance, counselling, education of patient, diagnosis and treatment of both acute and chronic illnesses in a range of health care settings (e.g., office, inpatient, critical care, long-term care, home care, day care, etc.).[3] It provides patient advocacy in the health care system to accomplish cost-effective care by coordinating different health care services.
A primary care team (PCT) is a multidisciplinary group of health and social care professionals who work together to deliver local accessible health and social services to a defined population of between 7,000 and 10,000 people at “primary” or first point of contact with the health service [Figure 1]. The population to be served by a team will be determined by geographical boundaries and/or the practice population of participating general practitioners (GPs).[4] Family physicians, nurses, dieticians, mental health professionals, pharmacists, therapists comprise an essential component of primary care team. These teams provide a “one stop approach” and can meet or arrange the vast majority of the health care needs of the public.
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