the growth of education sector since 1951
Answers
Explanation:
Education is the backbone of society and is the basis for growth , progress and development of any country. b. Government since Independence has made concerted efforts to spread literacy among the people, to make them self reliant and give them opportunity an to learn.
Explanation:
The basic purpose of Planning in India is to widen people's choices and improve the well-being of the people. In this context, promoting human development is the key issue so that people could lead a long and healthy life, they could acquire knowledge so as to have better vertical mobility in life and last but not the least, to achieve a decent standard of living for all. For this purpose greater attention has to be focused on education, health of the people and poverty elimination. India has the scope and opportunities of becoming one of the front ranking countries of the world only if priority of attention could be given to educate every child and take due care of their health. But during the Five Year Plans period, education and health have not received the desired level of support from Government. It would be therefore appropriate to analyses the progress of education development in India during the Five Year Plans Period. Since 1951, India has completed Ten Five Year Plans, Seven annual plans and the implementation of Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) is underway. Each Plan takes into account the experience of the previous Plan and attempts to make the necessary directional change and emphasis. Each Five Year Plan is both an assessment of the past and a call for the future.
Educational Infrastructure
In India education system is divided into three levels namely Elementary, Secondary and Senior secondary and Higher education. Elementary education, i.e. Classes I-VIII consisting of Primary education (I-V) and Upper Primary education (VI-VIII) is the foundation of the pyramid in the education system. Secondary and senior secondary (IX to XIII) education levels are very important for the growth of higher education system. This level of education serves as a bridge between elementary and higher education and prepares young persons between the age group of 14-18 for entry into higher education. Higher education level covers education beyond 10+2 and it includes Graduation, Post-Graduation, Diploma and Post Graduate Diploma, Doctoral, Post Doctoral, etc. It covers education in different disciplines such as Arts, Commerce, Science & Technology, Engineering, Management, Law, Education and Medical, etc. Higher education plays a key role in the development of the various sectors of the economy by providing skilled manpower.
Over the last 59 years, there has been a significant growth in the number of new universities and institutions of higher learning in specialized areas. These universities and institutions of higher learning perform a critical role in socio-economic and technological development of a country. They create knowledge and impart and disseminate it. Nations having large number of knowledgeable people in diversified fields can preserve their sovereignty and achieve strategic depth. For higher education development, the Eleventh Plan proposed to setting up of 30 central universities, 16 universities on the basis of one central university in each of the 16 uncovered states. It also proposes to set up 14 world class universities.
Growth of Literacy in India
Literacy is a person's first step in learning and knowledge building and as a result literacy indicators are essential for any measurement of educational and human development. A high literacy rate among the people suggests a high level of participation and retention in primary education, and its effectiveness in imparting the basic skills of reading and writing. Indian planners considered literacy as the most essential prerequisite for individual empowerment. A new thrust was given to adult literacy in the National Policy on Education 1986 and the Plan of Action 1992, advocated a three-pronged strategy of adult education, elementary education, and non-formal education to eradicate illiteracy.
Conclusion and Suggestions
Human development is an integral part of the process of economic development and without it economic development may not be sustained. The speed of human development will be enhanced if proper health and education facilities are provided simultaneously to the people. Education helps to eliminate poverty, improve health and achieve economic growth with social justice. Education not only increases the economic returns but also makes significant effect on poverty, income distribution, health, population growth and overall quality of human life. Therefore, one of the necessary conditions for overall development of a nation is the human development through proper education.