Question

The hard-bound book on the desk is mine.​

Answer 1

Answer:

a region of marked thinning of the ozone layer in high latitudes, chiefly in winter, attributed to the chemical action of CFCs and other atmospheric pollutants. The resulting increase in ultraviolet light at ground level gives rise to an increased risk of skin cancer.

Answer 2

$\huge{\underline{\mathtt{\red{A}\pink{N}\green{S}\blue{W}\purple{E}\orange{R}}}}$

It's like the distinction between defining and non-defining relative clauses. "the book on the desk" means "the book that is on the desk", i.e. defining which book is meant. "The Empire State Building in New York" is like "The Empire State Building, which is in New York", i.e. non-defining, giving further information.