The health of people is directly related to the status of environment
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Answer:
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Explanation:
What is environmental health?
The environment can directly and indirectly impact on our health and wellbeing. Environmental health examines the interaction between the environment and our health.
We use the following definitions:
Environmental health refers to aspects of human health (including quality of life) that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social and psychosocial factors in the environment.
Environment broadly includes everything external to ourselves, including the physical, natural, social and behavioural environments.
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and is not merely the absence of disease or illness.
Why is the environment important for health?
We need safe, healthy and supportive environments for good health. The environment in which we live is a major determinant of our health and wellbeing. We depend on the environment for energy and the materials needed to sustain life, such as:
clean air
safe drinking water
nutritious food
safe places to live.
Many aspects of our environment – both built and natural environment – can impact on our health. It’s important that we interpret health issues in the wider context of our environment and where we live
Figure 1: Determinants of health and well-being in our neighbourhoods
Fig 1: Determinants of health and well-being in our neighbourhoods
Source: Barton and Grant 2006 [1]
Health effects related to the environment
Many aspects of the environment can affect our health. Environmental hazards can increase the risk of disease, including cancer, heart disease and asthma [2].
Table 1 gives examples of how different aspects of the environment can affect our health.
Table 1: Environmental exposures and related human health effects
Environmental exposure Examples of health effects
Outdoor air pollution Respiratory conditions, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer
Unsafe drinking water Diarrhoeal (gastrointestinal) illnesses
Contaminated recreational water Diarrhoeal (gastrointestinal) illnesses; eye, ear, nose and throat infections
Mosquitoes, ticks and other vectors Malaria, dengue fever, Rickettsial disease
UV (ultraviolet light) exposure
Too much: melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer, eye cataracts
Too little: vitamin D deficiency, leading to rickets, osteoporosis and osteomalacia
Second-hand smoke exposure
In infants: low birth weight, sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI)
In children: asthma, lower respiratory infections, middle ear infections
In adults: ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lung cancer
Household crowding Infectious diseases, including lower respiratory infections
Cold and damp housing Excess mortality
Climate change Infectious diseases, including giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis and salmonellosis; heatstroke
Hazardous substances Poisoning, burns, dermatitis
Lead
In children: developmental delays, behavioural problems
In adults: increased blood pressure
Asbestos Breathing difficulties, lung cancer, mesothelioma
Noise Hearing loss, cardiovascular problems, insomnia, psychophysiological problems
Environmental burden of disease worldwide
Globally, environmental factors contributed to an estimated 23 per cent of all deaths in 2002.
Children under 15 years were particularly affected, with 36 per cent of all deaths accounted for by environmental factors [3].
Even in developed countries, environmental factors play a large role in the burden of disease. IF HELPFUL PLEASE MARK AS BRAINLIEST