The Ho Municipality has experienced water shortages, causing severe discomfort to residents. Write a letter to the editor of a daily newspaper stating three ways that residents could adopt to the challenges
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In Chennai and Harare today, millions of Indians and Zimbabweans find themselves short of water. History, unfortunately, is repeating. São Paulo, in 2014, nearly drained its main reservoir as officials sluggishly responded to a drought. Cape Town came close to doing the same last year when dry weather exposed the fragility of a water system that relied primarily on rainfall.
What is the next center of population and commerce to be roiled by a severely constricted water supply?
It’s an urgent question. Climate change is loosening the bounds of the possible, for both flood and drought. Dry taps can trigger disease outbreaks and violent confrontations for scarce water. Shortages erode business confidence and economic output, while adding stress to the lives of residents.
And yet, according to water researchers, advance warning of urban water crises — the failures that could arise in specific cities in the next few months or two years — has proved achingly elusive to forecast globally with analytical rigor and accuracy.
The tools that are in circulation — from organizations like EcoLab, World Resources Institute, Worldwide Fund for Wildlife, and others — do a commendable job, often for businesses, in identifying the geographic contours of risk: where rainfall is low, groundwater is declining, and withdrawals from rivers exceed nature’s contribution. But according to a half-dozen water risk experts interviewed by Circle of Blue, the tools fall short in more nuanced accounting for cities that would incorporate water use, political dimensions, and the infrastructure that moves water across basins and beneath streets.
The stakes for accurate assessments couldn’t be higher.
“It’s an existential question for cities,” Betsy Otto, director of World Resources Institute’s Global Water Program, told Circle of Blue.
Identifying risk
Otto thinks about water risk in terms of chronic and acute. She likens the distinction to an ill person. Acute risks, like a heart attack that sends someone to the hospital, are an event that requires immediate attention. For a city’s water supply, low reservoirs can be a triggering event.