Question

The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature,

especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat

reactions usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are

lost through excessive sweating following strenuous exercise. When

the body becomes overheated and cannot eliminate this excess heat,

heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.

Heat exhaustion is generally characterized by clammy skin,

fatigue, nausea, dizziness, profuse perspiration, and sometimes faint-

ing, resulting from an inadequate intake of water and the loss of flu-

ids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim

lie down, raising the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to

the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass,

half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.

Heat stroke is much more serious; it is an immediate life-threat-

ening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body

temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot,

dry skin; and a blocked sweating mechanism. Victims of this condi-

tion may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be directed

at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub

of cold water or repeatedly sponged with cool water until his or her

temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also

help with the cooling process. Care should be taken, however, not to

over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.
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