Question

the importance of forest reserves ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Protected areas are even more important for biodiversity conservation and human livelihoods in a world with a changing climate.

The relationship between forests and climate change is intricate. On the one hand forests can mitigate climate change by absorbing carbon, while on the other they can contribute to climate change if they are degraded or destroyed. In turn climatic changes may lead to forest degradation or loss – which exacerbates climate change further.

With these and other likely changes, the management of existing protected areas will need to be modified if they are to fulfil their biodiversity conservation role as well as support adaptation to climate change.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Forest protected areas help conserve ecosystems that provide habitat, shelter, food, raw materials, genetic materials, a barrier against disasters, a stable source of resources and many other ecosystem goods and services – and thus can have an important role in helping species, people and countries adapt to climate change. By virtue of their protective status, these forests should remain free from destructive human intervention. They can thus continue to serve as a natural storehouse of goods and services into the future.

Today climate change is one of the main emerging threats facing biodiversity. Up to a quarter of mammal species (about 1 125) (IPCC, 2002) and about 20 percent of bird species (about 1 800) (IPCC, 2007) are at risk of global extinction because of climate change.

Protected areas that were set up to safeguard biodiversity and ecological processes are likely to be affected by climate change in a number of ways. Climate change is expected to cause species to migrate to areas with more favourable temperature and precipitation. There is a high probability that competing, sometimes invasive species, more adapted to a new climate, will move in. Such movements could leave some protected areas with a different habitat and species assemblage than they were initially designed to protect. For example, Scott (2005) found that a stated objective of Prince Albert National Park in Saskatchewan, Canada, to protect ecological integrity “for all time”,is unrealistic, as all possible climate scenarios project the eventual loss of boreal forests and their related bio­diversity in that area. Climate change is expected to lead to disease outbreaks as pest species may become more resistant or survive longer and new pest species may invade protected areas. For instance, Pounds et al. (2006) have traced the much publicized extinction of the Monteverde harlequin frog (Atelopus sp.) and the golden toad (Bufo periglenes) in the Monteverde forest of Costa Rica nearly two decades ago to warming in the American tropics which is thought to have favoured a particular fungus that infected the amphibians. Climate change is also likely to lead to a higher incidence of fire in some situations and floods in others (IPCC, 2007).