"The internal problems of the Marathas and growing and mission of the English led to the Anglo- Maratha wars." support the statement with suitable examples.
Answers
REASON FOR FIRST ANGLO MARATHA WAR:
The first Anglo-Maratha War triggered off because the English got themselves involved in the domestic affairs of the Marathas with the motive of deriving certain privileges.
After the third battle of Panipath, the Marathas sought to unite themselves under the leadership of Nana Phadnavis around Peshwa Madhav Rao II.
But one Raghunath Rao claimed for himself the office of the Peshwa and appealed to the English for help: The English, who espoused the cause of Raghunath Rao, thus got involved in a war with the Marathas (1775).
Initially, the English suffered reverses and were compelled to sign the convention of Wadgaon (1779). The matter worsened for the English when the Nizam and Haidar Ali also declared war against them.
In the teeth of the crisis Warren Hastings acted with sagacity. He saved the situation for the English by alienating the belligerent parties from one another.
Between Who Signed?
In 1782, the treaty of Salbai, signed between the English and the Marathas, brought the first Anglo- Maratha War to an end.
The British Successful?
The expansionist policy of the British was highly successful For the British adopted various policies that suited them from time to time.
They did not follow war for annexation uniformly. When they found that the native powers could be subdued and a subsidiary alliance could be easily thrust upon them the British refrained from following a path of warfare.
This policy doubly benefitted the English For to establish domination over such powers there was no need for spending money and wage war.
Thus either by warfare or by machinations the British, by 1856 established a vast British Empire in India.
REASON FOR 2ND AND 3RD ANGLO MARATHA WARS:
In 1798 Lord Wellesley after his arrival to India wanted Marathas to sign the Subsidiary Alliance Systen but they refused to do this. In 1802Baji Rao II killed Bithuji Holkar, the younger brother of Jaswant Rao Holkar. At this Jaswant Rao Holkar attacked on Baji Rao II who was in Pune at that time. Holkar captured Pune but Baji Rao managed to escape from there and he made a treaty with Lord Wellesley known as " The Treaty of Basain (1802)". This national humiliation was too much for maratha chiefs and they said that they would not surrender the great tradition of independence without struggle. Thus they declared war against the British Company but they were defeated by the company and later on they all signed on Subsidiary Alliance System with Wellesley.
Answer:
The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) was the first of three Anglo-Maratha Wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of SalbaiAfter the death of Madhavrao Peshwa in 1772, his brother Narayanrao became peshwa (ruler) of the Maratha Empire. Narayanrao was murdered by his palace guards in August 1773, and his uncle Raghunathrao (Raghoba) became Peshwa. However, Narayanrao's wife, Gangabai, gave birth to a posthumous son, who was the legal heir to the throne. The newborn infant was named 'Sawai' Madhavrao (Sawai means "One and a Quarter"). Twelve Maratha chiefs, known as the Baarbhai and led by Nana Phadnavis, directed an effort to install the infant as the new Peshwa and to rule in his name as regents.
Raghunathrao, unwilling to give up his position of power, sought help from the British at Bombay and signed the Treaty of Surat on 6 March 1775. According to the treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the territories of Salsette and Bassein (Vasai) to the British, along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts. In return, the British promised to provide Raghunathrao with 2,500 soldiers.
The British Calcutta Council condemned the Treaty of Surat, sending Colonel Upton to Pune to annul it and make a new treaty with the regency. The Treaty of Purandhar (1 March 1776) annulled that of Surat, Raghunathrao was pensioned and his cause abandoned, but the revenues of Salsette and Broach districts were retained by the British. The Bombay government rejected this new treaty and gave refuge to Raghunathrao. In 1777, Nana Phadnavis violated his treaty with the Calcutta Council by granting the French a port on the West coast. The English retaliated by sending a force towards Pune.