The kings of vijayanagara ch-13 7th class Notes
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The Vijayanagara Empire was established in 1336 by Harihar and Bukka of Sangma dynasty. On the example of his master's education, he established his kingdom with his capital in Vijayanagara.
Harihara became the first ruler, and till 1346, the entire Hosala empire went into the hands of the Vijayanagara rulers.
Bukka became the successor of his brother on the throne of Vijayanagara in 1336 and ruled till 1337. By 1337, the Sultanate of Madurai was captured.
The interests of the Vijayanagar rulers and the Bahamani empire came into existence in 1347 and fought in three different and distinct areas: Tungabhadra Dob in the Krishna-Godavari delta and Marathwada country.
The Vijayanagar-Bahmani struggle began in large scale during the reign of Bukka I in 1367. He also sent the embassy to the emperor of China. Under Harihar II (1377-1406), the Vijayanara empire started on the policy of eastern expansion. He was able to maintain his position in front of the Bahamani-Warangal assembly. They attacked Ceylon.
In 1407 the Deccan ruler Firoz Shah defeated Dev Rai I (1406-22). He had to marry his daughter Firoz Shah. He defeated Kondvidu Reddy and recovered Udayagiri. In 1491, he defeated Feroz Shah.
Dev Rai II (1422-1446) was the greatest ruler of the Sangma dynasty. He started the practice of providing employment to Muslims in the army. They were called Imadi dev rai. In his inscriptions he has the title of Gajbebekar (elephant hunter). Dindima was his court poet Abdur Razzaq of Persia visited his state. Dev Rai is the author of a second commentary on the two Sanskrit works of the great writer Sudhanidhi and Badriana, on the Brahmasutras.
After the death of Dev Rai II, there was confusion in the Vijayanagar empire. Since the rule of primogeniture was not established, there was a series of civil wars between the claimants. After some time, the throne was used by the establishment of the King's Minister Saluva Narasimha and Saluva dynasty.
Saluva Dynasty (1486-1505):
Veera Narasimha (1503-04), ruler of Imadi Narasimha, used the throne after his assassination and laid the foundations of the Tuluva dynasty in 1505.
Tuluu dynasty (1505-1570):
Veera Narasimha was the title of Bhujbala (1505-09). After his brief reign, he succeeded by his younger brother, Krishna Dev Rai (150 9-30 AD), who was the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagar empire. Under them, Vijayanagara emerged as the strongest military force in the South. He defeated the rebel chief of Umtaur, Gajapati of Orissa and Adil Shah of Sultan of Bijapur.
He successfully attacked Gulbarga and Bidar and restored the puppet sultan Mahmud in the throne. In order to celebrate this act of restoration, he took over the title of 'Yavan Rajya Staicharya' (the restorer of Yawan empire). They conquered almost all Telangana from Gajapati King Pratapadra and Sultan of Golkonda.
Krishna Dev Rai maintained friendly relations with Albuquerque, the Portuguese governor whose ambassador Friar Luis lived in Vijayanagara. His relationship with Portuguese was ruled by two factors:
(A) Common unity with Bijapur
(B) Supply of imported horses from Portuguese to Vijayanagara.
Krishna Dev Rai was also a great patron of art and literature, and was known as Andhra Bhoja. He was the author of Telugu work and a Sanskrit work, Jambavati Kalyanam. His court was adorned by Ashtadigajaj (eight celebrated poets), of whom, Allahasan Peddana was the greatest.
His important works include Manucharitam and Harikatha Sarasamamu. Krishna Dev Rai also made famous shrines of Krishnaswamy, Hazara Ramaswamy and Vitthalswami in his capital. Foreign travelers such as Nunige, Barbossa, and Paes talk about their efficient administration and the prosperity of their empire.
After the death of Krishna Dev Rai, the struggle for succession took place between his relations. After the unknown reign of Achyut Rai and Venkata, Sadashiv Rai climbed the throne in 1543. But the real power was in the hands of Ram Raja, which was in the law of Krishna Dev. Leaving Berar, the Bahamani rulers faced a brutal defeat in 1565 in the battle of Talikota or demon-tangadi in Vijayanagar.
This fight is generally considered to mark the end of the great age of the Vijayanagara. Although the state continued with its capital in Perugonda under the Arvidu Dynasty established by Tirumala Rai for nearly hundred hundred years, but it ended in 1672.