The latent heat of water is 80 cal/g. Heat capacity of a substance is defined as the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of the substance by 1°. For example, latent heat of ice is 0.5 cal/g degree. That means to rise the temperature of ice from -4° to -2° we have to provide ( -2 -( -4)) 0.5 calories of heat = 1 cal. With the above mentioned how much calories of heat will be required to covert 8 g of ice at -10° into water at 10° ? Heat capacity of water is 1 calorie/gram degree. ( Volume of water can be taken equal to that of ice )
With proper explained method.
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There are (at least) two things we would like to know concerning the fact that the home planet has an ocean and its siblings in space do not:
What is so special about Earth that allows it to have an ocean?
And how does having an ocean make the Earth a good place for Life?
We have already identified two vital ingredients of the answer to the first question: size and distance to the home star (or better: energy received). Are there others? Is it important what stuff the Earth is made of? Or did Earth, as a planet, have a history of evolution that is fundamentally different from the histories of its siblings? To put the question within the framework of the thought experiments of the previous section: If we put Venus in the position of Earth, will it acquire an ocean?
Let's look at these various questions one at a time. First, we note that the mass of the film of water on Earth, the "hydrosphere", is very small when compared to the mass of the planet. The mass of Earth is about 6 x 1027 grams (1027 stands for "10 multiplied by itself 27 times", that is, a 1 with 27 zeroes). The mass of the hydrosphere is about 1.5 x 1024 grams or 1:4000 (0.025%) of Earth's total mass.
Present day outgassing of water by Old Faithful Geyser Yellowstone National Park (Source: Scott Purl)
This value of 0.025% is significant. It means that there is no problem in deriving the water from the kind of planetary matter that is abundant in the solar system. We know what this material looks like from studying the composition of metallic and stony meteorites. On average the water content of meteorites is well above 1:1000 (0.1%). Scientists generally agree these meteorites are a good sample of the kind of stuff that formed the Earth, by gravitational accretion. Thus, Earth's ocean evolved from the water expelled from this material, as it heated up during the early history of our planet. Whatever the exact course of events might have been during the formation of Earth, we would have to admit that there was enough water in the primordial meteoric matter to make the ocean. This line of reasoning pretty much eliminates the likelihood that our neighbors in space, the Moon, Venus and Mars, don't have enough water within their bodies to make oceans.
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