the line of authority that extends from the upper levels of management to the lowest levels of the organization is
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Answer:
There are 3 levels of management:
Top Level of management consists of a board of directors, chief executive or managing director. The top management is the ultimate source of authority and it manages goals and policies for an enterprise. It devotes more time to planning and coordinating functions. The role of the top management can be summarized as follows -Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise. It issues the necessary instructions for the preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules, etc. It prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise. It appoints the executive for the middle level i.e. departmental managers. It controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments. It is also responsible for maintaining contact with the outside world. It provides guidance and direction. The top management is also responsible for the shareholders for the performance of the enterprise.
Middle Level of Management: The branch managers and departmental managers constitute the middle level. They are responsible for the top management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. In small organizations, there is only one layer of the middle level of management but in big enterprises, there may be senior and junior middle-level management. Their role can be emphasized as -They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management. They make plans for the sub-units of the organization. They participate in employment & training of lower-level management. They interpret and explain policies from top-level management to the lower levels.They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or department. It also sends important reports and other important data to top-level management. They evaluate the performance of junior managers. They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance.
Lower Level of Management: The lower level is also known as the supervisory/operative level of management. It consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent, etc. “Supervisory management refers to those executives whose work has to be largely with personal oversight and direction of operative employees”. In other words, they are concerned with the direction and controlling function of management. Their activities include -Assigning of jobs and tasks to various employees. They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities. They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production. They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relations in the organization. They communicate employee's problems, suggestions, and recommendatory appeals, etc to the higher level and higher-level goals and objectives to the employees. They help to solve the grievances of the employees. They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates. They are responsible for providing training to the employees. They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the employees. They ensure discipline in the enterprise. They motivate workers. They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are in direct contact with the employees.
Explanation:
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