Question

The magnesium ion is much smaller than the magnesium atom

Answer 1

Bcz of increase in nuclear charge i.e. in Mg there are 12electrons and 12 protons to stabilise it whereas in Mg+2 ion there are 12 protons to attract 10 electrons.

Answer 2

The magnesium ion is much smaller than the magnesium atom because magnesium atom contains more electrons as compared to magnesium ion.

Explanation:

• When an atom gains an electron then it acquires a negative charge and size of the atom increases. Whereas when an atom tends to lose an electron then it acquires a positive charge and size of the atom tends to increase.  

• For example, atomic number of magnesium is 12 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 2. So, in order to attain stability it needs to lose two electrons. Hence, it forms $Mg^{2+}$ ions.

• This means a neutral atom of magnesium contains 12 electrons but a $Mg^{2+}$ ion contains 10 electrons. Hence, the size of magnesium ion is smaller than the size of neutral magnesium atom.

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