Question

The magnitude of electric and magnetic field in an electromagnetic waves are related as-

Answer 1

The energy in an electromagnetic wave is tied up in the electric and magnetic fields. In general, the energy per unit volume in an electric field is given by:

In a magnetic field, the energy per unit volume is:

An electromagnetic wave has both electric and magnetic fields, so the total energy density associated with an electromagnetic wave is:

It turns out that for an electromagnetic wave, the energy associated with the electric field is equal to the energy associated with the magnetic field, so the energy density can be written in terms of just one or the other:

This also implies that in an electromagnetic wave, E = cB.

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Answer 2

Since the electric and magnetic fields in most electromagnetic waves are perpendicular to the direction in which the wave moves, it is ordinarily a transverse wave.