Question

The migration of knowledge workers: second-generation effects of india's brain drain

Answer 1

. A substantial community of people of Indian origin lived in Britain and significant increase in the emigration flows continued till 1965 (1), contributing to the business and intellectual capital of the country. When the UK experienced and coined the term "brain drain" of doctors resulting from the emigration of its doctors to the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the UK looked at Asia, particularly India, to fill the void in the healthcare sector (Khadria, 1999). Moreover, India's foreign policy stance of non-alignment helped India maintain and diversify its diplomatic and economic ties with the world, and thus, received developmental assistance both from the Eastern and the Western blocks (Sachdeva, 2009). ...

... This in turn influenced and incentivized potential Indian emigrant workers to explore newer destinations like the US and Canada. From 1965 onwards, the US also allowed the entry of Indian migrants at par with citizens of other countries by amending its previous Act which prevented annual entry of Indians beyond a specified quota (Khadria, 1999). These flows to the US have consolidated further with time. ...

... The emphasis on mandatory return, after fulfilment of one assignment or term, for qualifying for application for another was highlighted as a major drawback. In the US, within the overall kinship-emphasis of the amendments and new legislations on immigration during 1980s and 1990s, priority was given to highly trained and educated professionals, at least for the first 7e10 years, explicitly (Khadria, 1999). Further, the lower tax rates for high income earners, the climatic conditions and an already existing Indian diaspora in the US are an added advantage to attract high skilled workers from India compared to the high rates of tax regimes, and fragile and not-so-aggressive immigration policies of the European Union and its member states. ...

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