The ________ movement of marine microorganisms from one _______ to another response to changes of __________ is the simplest type of regular migration.
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Diel vertical migration (DVM), also known as diurnal vertical migration, is a pattern of movement used by some organisms, such as copepods, living in the ocean and in lakes. The migrationoccurs when organisms move up to the epipelagic zone at night and return to the mesopelagic zone of the oceans or to the hypolimnion zone of lakes during the day. The word diel comes from the Latin dies day, and means a 24-hour period. In terms of biomass, it is the greatest migration in the world.[1] It is not restricted to any one taxon as examples are known from crustaceans(copepods),[2] molluscs (squid),[3] and ray-finned fishes (trout).[4] Various stimuli are responsible for this phenomenon, the most prominent being response to changes in light intensity,[5]though evidence suggests that biological clocks are an underlying stimulus as well.[6] The phenomenon may arise for a number of reasons, though it is most typically to access food and avoid predators.[5] While this mass migration is generally nocturnal, with the animals ascending from the depths at nightfall and descending at sunrise, the timing can be altered in response to the different cues and stimuli that trigger it. Some unusual events impact vertical migration: DVM is absent during the midnight sun in Arctic regions[7] and vertical migration can occur suddenly during a solar eclipse
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