Question

the N-H bonds, whereas in NF, the orbital dipole
is in the direction opposite to the resultant dipole
moment.
Cis and trans isomers can be distinguished by
dipole moments, usually cis isomers have higher
dipole moment and hence higher polarity
Cis (u 0) trans (u= 0)
Dipole moment is greatest for ortho isomer, zero
for para isomer and less than that of ortho or meta​

Answer 1

Answer:

NH3 is more polar than NF3 because-

Polarity of NH3 and NF3 can be explained on the basis of dipole moments. Dipole moment of NH3 is higher than NF3 molecule.

Both the molecules have pyramidal shape with a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom.

The dipole moment of NH3 ( 4.90 × 10–30 Cm) is greater than that of NF3 (0.8 × 10–30 Cm).

This is because, in case of NH3 the orbital dipole due to lone pair is in the same direction as the resultant dipole moment of the N – H bonds, whereas in NF3 the orbital dipole due to lone pair of nitrogen is in the direction opposite to the resultant dipole moment of the three N–F bonds. The orbital dipole because of lone pair decreases the effect of the resultant N – F bond moments, which results in the low dipole moment of NF3.

Also, There is a greater difference in electronegativity between nitrogen and hydrogen than there is between nitrogen and fluorine.

The lone pair contribution in ammonia reinforces the dipole whereas in NF3 the bond dipoles oppose the effect of the lone pair.

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