English, asked by souraviitkv, 5 months ago

The National Disaster Management Authority has recently released guidelines on the management of urban flooding. It clearly states that urban flooding should be treated as a separate disaster as the causes of urban flooding and the strategies to deal with them are different.2. Even though urban flooding has been experienced for decades in India sufficient attention was not given to plan specific efforts to deal with it holistically. In the past, any strategy on Flood Disaster Management largely focused on riverine floods affecting large tracts of rural areas.3. Urban Flooding is significantly different from rural flooding as urbanisation leads to developed catchments which increases the flood peaks by up to 8 times and flood volumes up to 6 times. Consequently, flooding occurs very quickly due to faster flow times, sometimes in matter of minutes.4. Urban areas are centres of economic activities with vital infrastructure which needs to be protected 24 x 7. In most of the cities, damage to vital infrastructure has a bearing not only locally but could even have global implications.5. Urban areas are also densely populated and people living in vulnerable areas, both rich and poor, suffer due to flooding. It has sometimes resulted in loss of life, damage to property and disruptions in transport and power bringing life to a grinding halt causing untold misery and hardships. Even the secondary effects of subsequent epidemics and exposure to infection often takes further toll in terms of loss of livelihood, human suffering, and, in extreme cases, loss of life. Therefore, management of urban flooding has to be accorded top priority.6. There has been an increasing trend of urban flood disasters in India over the past several years. Almost every major city in India has been severely affected. Mumbai floods of July 2005 turned out to be an eye opener. The deluge of rains in the catchment areas of the Yamuna during August and September in 2010 has inundated many villages and towns of Haryana, besides threatening the low-lying areas of the Delhi, the national capital. The fury of floods did not spare many areas of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.7. Storm Water Drainage systems in the past were designed for a rainfall intensity of 12-20 mm/h. However, we have been experiencing rainfall of higher intensities in most of our cities every year, which overwhelm the SWD system. Moreover, the systems very often do not work to the designed capacities because of encroachments, dumping of solid waste and poor operations and maintenance.8. Improper disposal of solid waste, including domestic, commercial and industrial waste and dumping of construction debris into the drains also contributes significantly to reducing their capacities. Everybody is responsible for this.9. Encroachments are a major problem in many cities and towns all over the country. With large scale encroachments on the natural drains and in the floodplains, the capacity of the natural drain has decreased, resulting in flooding even with lower intensities of rainfall. On the basis of your reading of the above passage and the visual input given answer any 10 of the following questions:

Answers

Answered by GreatGan

Answer:

answer pls this same passage

Explanation:

On the basis of your reading of the above passage and the visual input given, answer ANY TEN of the

following questions: (1x10=10)

i. Urban flooding is to be treated as a separate disaster because.

(a) the problems of urban areas are unique

(b) urban areas get flooded easily

(d) urban and riverine flooding are similar

ii. Urban flooding occurs very quickly as.

(a) the drainage is usually blocked

(b) storm water drainage is poor

(d) developed catchments increase faster flow times

iii. Urban areas need a round the clock vigil because...

(a) they are centres of economic activities with vital infrastructure

(b) they are the hubs of commerce and industry

(d) they provide rail/road links to the rural areas

iv. Life comes to a grinding halt in a flooded urban centre as...

(a) people are vulnerable to deep water flowing fast

(b) transport and power are disrupted

(d) people face hardships and untold misery

v. Encroachment on natural drains intensify flooding because .

(a) these divert the flow of water

(b) these cause whirls and speed up flow

(d) these obstruct the smooth flow of water

vi. The word „overwhelm‟ in para 7 means..

(a) stun (b) raise (c) rescue (d) defeat

vii. ---------------- percentage of the respondents stated that both rainfall and upstream barrage was

the main reason for flood.

(a) 41.25% (b) 31.25% (c) 27.5% (d) 41.35%

viii. 27.5 % mentioned that ----------------- was the major reason for seasonal flood.

(a) upstream barrage (b) excess rainfall (c) drought (d) none of the above

ix. How does flood in urban areas affect life?

(a) disrupt transport (b) untold misery and hardships

x. The main cause of intensifying floods in- urban areas is ------------------

(a) encroachment on natural drains (b) over population

xi. Give the word similar in meaning to these words. Basic system and service (para 4).

(a) implications (b) infrastructure (c) vital (d) suggestion

xii. Rural flooding occurs ---------------- compared to urban flooding.

(a) very slowly (b) same as (c) very quickly (d) none of the above

GreatGan: in comments

Answered by AneesKakar

i. Urban flooding is to be treated as a separate disaster because.

(a) the problems of urban areas are unique

(b) urban areas get flooded easily

(d) urban and riverine flooding are similar

Ans: (b) urban areas get flooded easily

ii. Urban flooding occurs very quickly as.

(a) the drainage is usually blocked

(b) storm water drainage is poor

(d) developed catchments increase faster flow times

Ans: (d) developed catchments increase faster flow times

iii. Urban areas need a round-the-clock vigil because...

(a) they are centers of economic activities with vital infrastructure

(b) they are the hubs of commerce and industry

(d) they provide rail/road links to the rural areas

Ans: (a) they are centres of economic activities with vital infrastructure

iv. Life comes to a grinding halt in a flooded urban centre as...

(a) people are vulnerable to deep water flowing fast

(b) transport and power are disrupted

(d) people face hardships and untold misery

Ans: (b) transport and power are disrupted

v. Encroachment on natural drains intensify flooding because...

(a) these divert the flow of water

(b) these cause whirls and speed up flow

(d) these obstruct the smooth flow of water

Ans: (c) these decrease the capacity of the drain.

vi. The word "overwhelm‟ in para 7 means...

(a) stun (b) raise (c) rescue (d) defeat

Ans: (d) defeat

vii. ---------------- percentage of the respondents stated that both rainfall and upstream barrage was the main reason for the flood.

(a) 41.25% (b) 31.25% (c) 27.5% (d) 41.35%

Ans: Not mentioned.

viii. 27.5 % mentioned that ----------------- was the major reason for the seasonal floods.

(a) upstream barrage (b) excess rainfall (c) drought (d) None of the above

Ans: Not mentioned.

ix. How does flood in urban areas affect life?

(a) disrupt transport

(b) untold misery and hardships

(d) all of the above

Ans: (d) all of the above

x. The main cause of intensifying floods in urban areas is...

(a) encroachment on natural drains

(b) overpopulation

(d) none of the above

Ans: (a) encroachment on natural drains

xi. Give the word similar in meaning to these words. Basic system and service (para 4).

(a) implications (b) infrastructure (c) vital (d) suggestion

Ans: (b) infrastructure

xii. Rural flooding occurs ---------------- compared to urban flooding.

(a) very slowly (b) same as (c) very quickly (d) None of the above

Ans: (a) very slowly

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