The nbac looks at characteristics individuals might have that would prevent them from being able to provide voluntary informed consent. The traits may be thought of as falling into six broad areas: cognitive or communicative, institutional, deferential, medical, economic, and social. Prospective research subjects who are not able to comprehend information, deliberate, and make decisions about participation in a proposed research study have a:
Answers
Explanation:
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The National Bioethics Advisory Committee (NBAC) defines vulnerable subjects as persons who have the difficulty with providing voluntary, informed consent stemming from limitations in decision-making capacity... or situational circumstances...or since they are at risk for exploitation. Several bioethics regulations and debates in research relating to the protection of human subjects are reactions to cases now categorized as unethical research practices. Several of these cases involve the maltreatment of people or groups of people now known as vulnerable populations or populations that require additional treatment and/or protection. In such cases, the research subjects were, for one reason or another, not capable of safeguarding their interests. A lack of an on-going informed consent process added to their vulnerability and permitted these events to take place.
Prospective research subjects who are not able to comprehend information, deliberate, and make decisions about participation in a proposed research study have a:
ANSWER: Cognitive or communicative vulnerability
Explanation:
Three broad categories can conceive this vulnerability. Those in any such circumstances may not be able to provide informed consent for research participants
Capacity-Related Cognitive Vulnerability: Subjects to a certain extent lack the capability or capacity to make informed choices. For instances, may comprise adults with cognitive defects or impairments which impact the decision making or young children.
Situational Cognitive Vulnerability: Subjects ususally do not lack capacity, however are insituations which that do not permit them to exercise their capacities effectually. This may take place when the subject is distracted or at the time of an emergency situation, such as an injury or acute illness
Communicative Vulnerability - subjects do not lack capacity, but due to limited capability to communicate with the researchers are not able to exercise their capacities effectually. This may comprise subjects who read or speak different languages than researchers do, or subjects who difficulty in reading or have speech difficulties or impairments