The need for decentralization was recognized in our constitution, since hten , there
have been several attempts to decentralise power to the level of villages and towns.
Panchayats in village and municipalities in urban areas were set up in all the state
but these were directly under the control of State Governments. Elections to these
local governments were not held regularly.
Local governments did not have any power or resource of their own .Thus, there
was very little decentralisation in effective terms.
(ii) To what extent do you think that decentralization is applied in India?
Answers
Answer:
We know that federal governments have two or more tiers of governments.The two-tiers of
government in our country. But a vast country like India cannot be run only through these
two-tiers. States in India are as large as independent countries of Europe. In terms of
population, Uttar Pradesh is bigger than Russia, Maharashtra is about as big as Germany.
Many of these States are internally very diverse. There is thus a need for power sharing
within these States. Federal power sharing in India needs another tier of government, below
that of the State governments. This is the rationale for decentralisation of power. Thus,
resulted a third-tier of government, called local government. When power is taken away
from Central and State governments and given to local government, it is called
decentralisation. The basic idea behind decentralisation is that there are a large number of
problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of
problems in their localities. They also have better ideas on where to spend money and how to
manage things more efficiently. Besides, at the local level it is possible for the people to
directly participate in decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic
participation. Local government is the best way to realise one important principle of
democracy, namely local self-government. The need for decentralisation was recognised in
our Constitution. Since then, there have been several attempts to decentralise power to the
level of villages and towns. Panchayats in so, we are like a three-tier coach in a train! I
always prefer the lower berth! Villages and municipalities in urban areas were set up in all
the States. But these were directly under the control of state governments. Elections to these
local governments were not held regularly. Local governments did not have any powers or
resources of their own. Thus, there was very little decentralisation in effective terms. A
major step towards decentralisation was taken in 1992. The Constitution was amended to
make the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective.
Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government
bodies.
Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions
for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in
each State to conduct panchayat and municipal elections.
The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local
government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from State to State.
Rural local government is popularly known by the name panchayati raj. Each village, or a
group of villages in some States, has a gram panchayat. This is a council consisting of
several ward members, often called p
Answer:
We know that federal governments have two or more tiers of governments. The two-tiers of government in our country. But a vast country like India cannot be run only through these two-tiers. States in India are as large as independent countries of Europe. In terms of population, Uttar Pradesh is bigger than Russia, Maharashtra is about as big as Germany. Many of these States are internally very diverse. There is thus a need for power sharing within these States. Federal power sharing in India needs another tier of government, belowthat of the State governments. This is the rationale for decentralisation of power. Thus, resulted a third-tier of government, called local government. When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local government, it is called decentralisation. The basic idea behind decentralisation is that there are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of problems in their localities. They also have better ideas on where to spend money and how todirectly participate in decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democraticparticipation. Local government is the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-government. The need for decentralisation was recognised in our Constitution. Since then, there have been several attempts to decentralise power to the level of villages and towns. Panchayats in so, we are like a three-tier coach in a train! I always prefer the lower berth! Villages and municipalities in urban areas were set up in all the States. But these were directly under the control of state governments. Elections to these local governments were not held regularly. Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own. Thus, there was very little decentralisation in effective terms. A major step towards decentralisation was taken in 1992. The Constitution was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective. Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies. Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutionsfor the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women. An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in each State to conduct panchayat and municipal elections. The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from State to State. Rural local government is popularly known by the name panchayati raj. Each village, or a group of villages in some States, has a gram panchayat. This is a council consisting of several ward members.
Explanation:
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