the northern mountains are divided into three ranges. explain each of them in detail.
Answers
Answer:
Three ranges of Himalayas are …
1.1 Outer Himalaya
Outer Himalaya Vedic name is Siwalik. It is youngest and lowest range of Himalaya. The height of this range varies between 600 m to 1500 m, but rarely exceeds 650 m.
Siwaliks are characterized by fault scraps, anticlinal crests and synclinical hills.
Important Hills of Siwalik Range
Dalfa , Miri, Mishmi, Abor and Patkai in Arunachal Pradesh.
Dhang range, Dundwa range, Churian and Muria Ghats in Nepal.
Jammu hills in Jammu & Kashmir.
1.2 Middle Himalaya or Lesser Himalaya
The Middle Himalaya forms the most intricate and rugged mountainous system, it is 60-80 km wide and 3700-4500m high. Its Vedic name is Himachal.
Most of the hills stations such as Dalhousie, Manali, Shimla, Nanital, Musoorie, Darjeeling, etc. are located in this range.
On Dhauladhar range, the hill stations of Shimla and Pir Panjal are Situated. The Kashmir valley which is about 150 km long and 80 km wide lies between the Pir Panjal and the Zaskar ranges.
From west to east, middle Himalaya is divided into following ranges:Pirpanjal range (J&K): It is longest range of the Middle Himalaya.Dhauladhar range (Himachal Pradesh)Mussoorie range (Uttarakhand)Nagtibba range (Uttarakhand)Mahabharat range (Nepal)
1.3 Inner Himalaya or Greater Himalaya
Inner Himalaya or greater Himalaya Vedic names are Himadri & Bahirgiri. It is the highest mountain range of the world. Its average height is 6100 m. Most of the world’s highest peaks are located in this Inner Himalayan region.
Important Peaks in Inner Himalaya
Mount Everest (8848 m): Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world. It is located in Nepal. It is also known as Sagarmatha in Nepal and Chomolangma in China.
Mount K-2 (8611 m): It is also known as Godwin Austin or Qagir. It is the highest peak of India and 2nd highest peak of the world. It is located in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir in Karakoram range.
Mount Kanchenjunga (8598 m): It is the 2nd highest peak of India and third highest peak of the world. It is located in Sikkim region.
Explanation:
Himadri :
a) The northern most range is known as the Greator Inner Himalayas or the Himadri.
b) It is the most continuous rangeconsisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6000 metres including Mt. Everest.
c) The core of this part of the himalayas is composed of granite.
d) It is perennially snow bound.
Himachal :
a) The northern most range is known as Lesser or Middle Himalaya or the Himachal.
b) Altitude varies between 3700to 4500m and average width is 50m.
c) The Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range. The Dhaula Dhar and the Mahabharat ranges are also prominent ones.
d) The range consists of the famous valley of Kashmir, the Kangra and Kullu valley in Himachal Pradesh.
e) There are many famous hill stations in Shimla and Darjeeling in this region.
f) The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks.
Shiwalik:
a) The outer most range is known as the Shiwalik.
b) Its width is of 10-50 km and has an altitude varying between 900 and 1000m.
c) These ranges are composed of loose river deposits brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located for north.
The longitudinal valley lying between lesser himalaya and shiwaliks are known as duns. Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun are some of the well known duns.