The owners of the plantations that are grown in large estates like tea, coffee, sugar, indigo, jute etc.
Planters
Mahals
Zamindars
Muftis
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Scottish Indian tea companies were mostly founded in and run from Glasgow, with Lipton's being the most famous example. But Melrose’s Teas (93 George Street and warehouses in Coburg Street Leith) was a notable Edinburgh exception. Jute seems a Dundee preserve, but Edinburgh companies, and the city's sons, also played a part in commercial agriculture and the plantation economy in India. Young men educated in the Edinburgh Academy, for example, were involved in planting and in trading in plantation products from India in substantial numbers. Over 250 former pupils went into planting businesses in India, with a further 100 working elsewhere, in a variety of plantation crops:
Jute
Jute, a big aspect especially in India-Scotland relations, is mentioned surprisingly rarely in the careers of Edinburgh Academy pupils. An early mention is of Patrick Charles Lyon, who left the school in 1837 and went to Madras, trading in indigo and later in jute. George William Walker, who left the school in 1872, became a jute broker in Calcutta. The rest are mentions for men who deal with jOpium
One of the most important and most controversial commodities of the colonial India trade, especially in its relations to China, was opium. Looking at its faint footprint in the Edinburgh Academy Register sheds an interesting light on this awkward issue. Seven former pupils of Edinburgh Academy are reported to have some involvement with opium. Four of them are involved in administering and taxing the opium trade. Thomas Coutts Trotter (E.A. 1824-7 & 1829-30) joined the Bengal Civil Service 1836-65, where, early on, he was Opium Agent for Behar. Principal Assistant to the Benares Opium Agent at Ghazipur was from 1863-8 the job of Alexander Christison (E.A. 1836-43) who studying medicine at Edinburgh had attained a Gold Medal for a thesis on Cannabis Indica. George Inverarity, (E.A.1829-35), worked for the H.E.I.C.S. from 1840 mainly as a Commissioner of Customs, Salt and Opium and Alan Cadell, (E.A. 1851-6) holding various posts in N.W.P., was Commissioner of Excise and Stamps, and Opium Agent before a career which took him to the Viceroy's Council and a C.S.I.
James Deverinne Savi (E.A. 1852-5) was the son of an I.C.S. Opium Department official and married the daughter of another, although it is not recorded whether he himself had any direct involvement.
The two other former pupils did not gain their opium mentions in India. Thomas Anderson (E.A.1829-33) worked as a scientist at Glasgow on ‘The Crystalline Constituents of Opium’. Also in Glasgow, banker and politician William Charles, Maughan’s (E.A. 1845-50) interest in temperance work led to him being for thirty years the Honorary Secretary of the Glasgow Anti-Opium Society.
No one is mentioned as growing poppies for opium, but more interestingly none are mentioned as trading in opium either. By contrast, we know that men from other Edinburgh schools such as Merchiston Castle were working for trading companies such as Jardine Matheson’s which were deeply involved in the opium trade.ute manufacture in Dundee.