The percentage of blood plasma and cells respectively are ____ and _____.
Answers
Explanation:
The liquid portion of the blood, the plasma, is a complex solution containing more than 90 percent water. The water of the plasma is freely exchangeable with that of body cells and other extracellular fluids and is available to maintain the normal state of hydration of all tissues. Water, the single largest constituent of the body, is essential to the existence of every living cell. group of proteins constituting about 7 percent of the plasma by weight. The principal difference between the plasma and the extracellular fluid of the tissues is the high protein content of the plasma. Plasma protein exerts an osmotic effect by which water tends to move from other extracellular fluid to the plasma. When dietary protein is digested in the gastrointestinal tract, individual amino acids are released from the polypeptide chains and are absorbed. The amino acids are transported through the plasma to all parts of the body, where they are taken up by cells and are assembled in specific ways to form proteins of many types.
Some plasma constituents occur in plasma in low concentration but have a high turnover rate and great physiological importance. Among these is glucose, or blood sugar. Glucose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or may be released into the circulation from the liver. It provides a source of energy for tissue cells and is the only source for some, including the red cells. Glucose is conserved and used and is not excreted. Amino acids also are so rapidly transported that the plasma level remains low, although they are required for all protein synthesis throughout the body. Urea, an end product of protein metabolism, is rapidly excreted by the kidneys. Other nitrogenous waste products—uric acid and creatinine—are similarly removed.
Several inorganic materials are essential constituents of plasma, and each has special functional attributes. The predominant cation (positively charged ion) of the plasma is sodium, an ion that occurs within cells at a much lower concentration. Because of the effect of sodium on osmotic pressure and fluid movements, the amount of sodium in the body is an influential determinant of the total volume of extracellular fluid. The amount of sodium in plasma is controlled by the kidneys under the influence of the hormone aldosterone, which is secreted by the adrenal gland. If dietary sodium exceeds requirements, the excess is excreted by the kidneys. Potassium, the principal intracellular cation, occurs in plasma at a much lower concentration than sodium. The renal excretion of potassium is influenced by aldosterone, which causes retention of sodium and loss of potassium. Calcium in plasma is in part bound to protein and in part ionized. Its concentration is under the control of two hormones: parathyroid hormone, which causes the level to rise, and calcitonin, which causes it to fall. Magnesium, like potassium, is a predominantly intracellular cation and occurs in plasma in low concentration. Variations in the concentrations of these cations may have profound effects on the nervous system, the muscles, and the heart, effects normally prevented by precise regulatory mechanisms. Iron, copper, and zinc are required in trace amounts for synthesis of essential enzymes; much more iron is needed in addition for production of hemoglobin and myoglobin, the oxygen-binding pigment of muscles. These metals occur in plasma in low concentrations. The principal anion (negatively charged ion) of plasma is chloride; sodium chloride is its major salt. Bicarbonate participates in the transport of carbon dioxide and in the regulation of pH
Blood cells
There are four major types of blood cells: red blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets (thrombocytes), lymphocytes, and phagocytic cells. Collectively, the lymphocytes and phagocytic cells constitute the white blood cells (leukocytes). Each type of blood cell has a specialized function: red cells take up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to the tissues; platelets participate in forming blood clots; lymphocytes are involved with immunity; and phagocytic cells occur in two varieties—granulocytes and monocytes—and ingest and break down microorganisms and foreign particles. The circulating blood functions as a conduit, bringing the various kinds of cells to the regions of the body in which they are needed: red cells to tissues requiring oxygen, platelets to sites of injury, lymphocytes to areas of infection, and phagocytic cells to sites of microbial invasion and inflammation.
Answer:
blood plasma is 55 %
cells in human body is 43 %
Explore more about cells and blood plasma :
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Blood plasma :
Blood plasma is a yellowish liquid component of blood that holds the blood cells of whole body in suspension . It is the liquid part of the blood that carries cells and proteins throughout the body . It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume . It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid ( all body fluid outside cells ) . It is mostly water ( up to 95 % by volume ) and contains important dissolved proteins ( 6- 8 % )( example : serum albumins , gobulins and fibrinogen ) , glucose , clotting factors , electrolytes ( Na+ , Ca2 , Mg2+ , HCO3 - , CI- ex ...) hormones carbon - di - oxide ( plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation ) and oxygen . It plays a vital role in an intravascular osmotic effect that keepss electrolyte concentration balanced and protects the body from infection and other blood disorders .
Meanings :
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1 ) intravascular : situated or occuring within a vessel or vessels of an animal or plant , especially within a blood vessel or blood vascular system
2 ) osmotic : the tendency of a fluid , usually water , to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher , thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane the diffusion of fluids through membranes or porous partitions . Compare endosmosis , exosmosis .
Function of blood plasma :
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When seperated from the rest of the blood , plasma is a light yellow liquid .
Plasma carries water , salts and enzymes . The main role of plasma is to take nutrients , hormones , and proteins to the part of the body that need it . Cells put their waste products into the plasma .
Cells :
The cell ( from latin ' cella 'meaning small room ) is the basic structural , functional , and biological unit of all known organisms . A cell is the smallest unit of life . Cells are often called the " building blocks of life " . The study of cells is known as cell biology , cellular biology or cytology .
Meanings :
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1 ) cellular : denoting or relating to a mobile telephone system that uses a number of short range radio stations to cover the area that it serves , the signal being automatically switched from one station to another as the user travels about .
2) Latin : Latin is a language used in Italy .
Functions of a cell :
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There are 7 functions of a cell
1) Movement ( muscle cells )
2 ) Conductivity ( nerve cells )
3) metabolic absorption ( kidney and intestinal cells )
4 ) Secretion ( mucous gland cells )
5) Excretion ( all cells )
6 ) Respiration ( all cells )
7) Reproduction ( all cells )
meaning of gland : an organ in the human or animal body which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings .
Pictures of Blood plasma and cells
for more info please check CellaVision
Explanation:
