the period between the ancient and modern periods of history
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Speaking strictly from a European perspective, scholars often divide the period between late antiquity and modernity into the medieval period, the renaissance, and the early modern era. They further separate the former age, also called the middle ages, into three sections - early, high, and late. These distinctions are arbitrary but nonetheless do point out some key differences in each period.Many scholars believe the middle ages began with the official fall of Rome in 476 A.D. (History, N.D.). Their decision in this case is arbitrary, as the Western Roman empire had given up much of its power well before this date, and, more importantly, key Roman norms, customs, techniques, and behaviors were already losing their hold on some parts of the empire (Gill, 2018). Numerous experts further divide the medieval era into three sections-early, high, and late-though they disagree on when these periods began or ended (or even if one should divide the middle ages into three periods). However, one can assume that most of them agree that each age lasted at least a few centuries (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2018). According to many historians, the middle ages ended in the mid-14th century when the renaissance period began (though, in truth, while the renaissance might have started in Italy in the 14th century, it did not immediately spread to other parts of Europe) (IAC Publishing, 2018). A number of scholars insist that the early modern period began about 1500 though others posit different years (Dewald, 2001).I will not try to delineate the key aspects of each era due to time constraints and because I believe others can do a much better job than me in describing these periods. However, I will say that some of the characteristics (e.g., changes in architectural styles, developments in the arts, the growth of cities, etc.) that scholars use to identify/define each period were only important to a small percentage of the population at any given time. Most of the people who lived during the middle ages, renaissance, and even early modern era worked the land. Almost all these individuals-regardless of which era they lived in-performed similar tasks related to farming or herding, dealt with many of the same issues (malnutrition at times, diseases, etc.), and did not own works of art, books, etc. (and so were not really concerned with changes in painting styles, writing processes, etc.) (Goodman, 2017; Northeastern Educational Television of Ohio, 2008; Briscoe, 2011).
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