The police department had conducted a programme on Safety measures and use of helmet. Write a report on it.
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This module provides the user with background material on why helmets are
needed. Such information is important in persuading political leaders and the
public to support a helmet programme.
The sections in this module are structured as follows:
1.1 Many people around the world die in motorcycle collisions: The module
begins by describing the magnitude of the problem of motorcycle crashes, and
resulting head injuries. It explains the global distribution of the problem, noting
that if present trends continue, many low-income and middle-income countries
are likely to experience an increase in the number of motorcycle crashes in the near
future. The section describes how head injuries that result from motorcycle collisions
are a leading cause of death and disability.
1.2 A helmet protects your head: This section describes what can happen to the
head in the event of a motorcycle or bicycle collision. It then goes on to explain
the physical components of a helmet and the way in which they reduce the impact
of a collision. This section also describes how helmets are designed to meet certain
requirements.
1.3 Helmet use is effective at reducing head injuries: This section summarizes
the evidence from studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of helmets in reducing
death and injury.
1.4 Helmet programmes are effective at getting helmets on heads: Introducing
legislation on helmet use has been shown to be effective in increasing helmetwearing
rates and reducing head injuries, as summarized in this section.
As mentioned in the Introduction, this manual is focused on how to increase helmet
use among motorcycle users. The increasing use of motorized two-wheelers, and the
high speed at which motorcycles can travel compared to bicycles, means that the
primary audience of this manual will be those seeking to increase motorcycle helmet
use. Nonetheless, it is assumed that much of the technical guidance that is provided
in the text will be equally relevant, and can be applied easily, to those seeking to
introduce a helmet programme for bicycle users.
1.1 Many people around the world die in motorcycle collisions
Road traffic injuries are a major public health problem and a leading cause of death
and injury around the world. Each year nearly 1.2 million people die as a result of
road crashes, and millions more are injured or disabled (1). In many low-income and
middle-income countries, where motorcycles and bicycles are an increasingly common
means of transport, users of two-wheelers make up a large proportion of those
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Module 1: Why are helmets needed?
injured or killed on the roads. Motorcycle and bicycle riders are at an increased risk
of being involved in a crash. This is because they often share the traffic space with
fast-moving cars, buses and trucks, and also because they are less visible. In addition,
their lack of physical protection makes them particularly vulnerable to being injured
if they are involved in a collision.
In most high-income countries, motorcycle fatalities typically comprise around 5%
to 18% of overall traffic fatalities (2,3). This proportion reflects the combined effect
of several important factors including the relatively low ownership and use of motorcycles
in many developed countries, and the relatively high risk of these motorcycles
being involved in crashes involving fatalities. Typically, these risks are much higher
for motorcycle than for vehicle travel (4).
In low-income and middle-income countries, car ownership and use rates are gener
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