The presence of a positive charge on the nucleus is due to the protons in the nucleus. The number of
electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons (atomic number, Z). The positive charge of the
nucleus is due to protons, the mass of the nucleus, due to protons and neutrons. The composition of
any atom is represented by using the normal element symbol (X) with super-script on the left-hand
side as the atomic mass number (A) and subscript (Z) on the left-hand side as the atomic number.
Isotopes are the chemical properties of atoms that are controlled by the number of electrons, which
are determined by the number of protons in the nucleus. Isobars are atoms with the same mass
number but a different atomic number. Atoms with identical atomic number but a different atomic
mass number are known as Isotopes. Number of neutrons present in the nucleus have very little effect
on the chemical properties of an element.
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