The principles of secularism are guaranteed by the _ provided in indian Constitution. option 1 Articles 2 Fundamental Right 3 Laws
Answers
Explanation:
With the Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India enacted in 1976,[1] the Preamble to the Constitution asserted that India is a secular nation.[2][3] However, the Supreme Court of India in S. R. Bommai v. Union of India established the fact that India was secular since the formation of the republic.[4] The judgement established that there is separation of state and religion. It stated "In matters of State, religion has no place. And if the Constitution requires the State to be secular in thought and action, the same requirement attaches to political parties as well. The Constitution does not recognize, it does not permit, mixing religion and State power. That is the constitutional injunction. None can say otherwise so long as this Constitution governs this country. Politics and religion cannot be mixed. Any State government which pursues nonsecular on policies or nonsecular course of action acts contrary to the constitutional mandate and renders itself amenable to action under Article 356".[5][6][7] Furthermore, constitutionally, state-owned educational institutions are prohibited from imparting religious instructions.[8] Officially, secularism has always inspired modern India.[2] However, India's secularism does not completely separate religion and state.[2] The Indian Constitution has allowed extensive interference of the state in religious affairs.[9] In matters of law in modern India, however, the applicable code of law is unequal, and India's personal laws – on matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, alimony – varies with an individual's religion.[10][11] The Indian Constitution permits partial financial support for religious schools, as well as the financing of religious buildings and infrastructure by the state.[12] The Islamic Central Wakf Council and many Hindu temples of great religious significance are administered and managed by the Indian government.[11][13] The attempt to respect unequal, religious law has created a number of issues in India such as acceptability of polygamy, unequal inheritance rights, extra judicial unilateral divorce rights favorable to some males, and conflicting interpretations of religious books.[14][15]
Secularism as practiced in India, with its marked differences with Western practice of secularism, is a controversial topic in India. Supporters of the Indian concept of secularism claim it respects "minorities and pluralism". Critics claim the Indian form of secularism as "pseudo-secularism".[2][16] Supporters state that any attempt to introduce a uniform civil code, that is equal laws for every citizen irrespective of his or her religion, would impose majoritarian Hindu sensibilities and ideals.[17][11] Critics state that India's acceptance of Sharia and religious laws violates the principle of Equality before the law.[18][19]
Answer:
Ashoka about 2200 years ago, Harsha about 1400 years ago accepted and patronised different religions.[3] The people in ancient India had freedom of religion, and the state granted citizenship to each individual regardless of whether someone's religion was Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism or any other.[22] Ellora cave temples built next to each other between 5th and 10th centuries, for example, shows a coexistence of religions and a spirit of acceptance of different faiths.[23][24]
There should not be honour of one's own (religious) sect and condemnation of others without any grounds.
— Ashoka, Rock Edicts XII, about 250 BC, [22][25]
This approach to interfaith relations changed with the arrival of Islam and establishment of Delhi Sultanate in North India by the 12th century, followed by Deccan Sultanate in Central India.[22] The political doctrines of Islam, as well as its religious views were at odds with doctrines of Hinduism, Christianity and other Indian religions.[3][26] New temples and monasteries were not allowed. As with Levant, Southeast Europe and Spain, Islamic rulers in India treated Hindus as dhimmis in exchange of annual payment of jizya taxes, in a sharia-based state jurisprudence. With the arrival of Mughal era, Sharia was imposed with continued zeal, with Akbar – the Mughal Emperor – as the first significant exception.[22] Akbar sought to fuse ideas, professed equality between Islam and other religions of India, forbade forced conversions to Islam, abolished religion-based discriminatory jizya taxes, and welcomed building of Hindu temples.[27][28] However, the descendants of Akbar, particularly Aurangzeb, reverted to treating Islam as the primary state religion, destruction of temples, and reimposed religion-based discriminatory jizya taxes.[3
Explanation: