the process involving the regularization of a t h a g e to bacterium is called a)pentration b)pineering c)landing d)transfusion
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Answer:
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(Redirected from Agrobacterium radiobacter)
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium-tumefaciens.png
A. tumefaciens attaching itself to a carrot cell
Scientific classificationedit
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Alphaproteobacteria
Order: Rhizobiales
Family: Rhizobiaceae
Genus: Agrobacterium
Species: A. tumefaciens
Binomial name
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Smith & Townsend, 1907[1]
Synonyms
Bacterium tumefaciens Smith and Townsend 1907
Pseudomonas tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Duggar 1909
Phytomonas tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Bergey et al. 1923
Polymonas tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1900) Lieske 1928
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (updated scientific name Rhizobium radiobacter, synonym Agrobacterium radiobacter)[2][3][4] is the causal agent of crown gall disease (the formation of tumours) in over 140 species of eudicots. It is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative soil bacterium.[1] Symptoms are caused by the insertion of a small segment of DNA (known as the T-DNA, for 'transfer DNA', not to be confused with tRNA that transfers amino acids during protein synthesis), from a plasmid into the plant cell,[5] which is incorporated at a semi-random location into the plant genome. Plant genomes can be engineered by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors.
A. tumefaciens is an alphaproteobacterium of the family Rhizobiaceae, which includes the nitrogen-fixing legume symbionts. Unlike the nitrogen-fixing symbionts, tumor-producing Agrobacterium species are pathogenic and do not benefit the plant. The wide variety of plants affected by Agrobacterium makes it of great concern to the agriculture industry.[6]
Economically, A. tumefaciens is a serious pathogen of walnuts, grape vines, stone fruits, nut trees, sugar beets, horse radish, and rhubarb, and the persistent nature of the tumors or galls caused by the disease make it particularly harmful for perennial crops.[7]
A. tumefaciens grows optimally at 28 °C. The doubling time can range from 2.5–4h depending on the media, culture format, and level of aeration.[8] At temperatures above 30 °C, A. tumefaciens begins to experience heat shock which is likely to result in errors in cell division.[8]
Explanation: