The production of estrogen and progesterone are under control of another hormone secreted from an endocrine gland called
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In addition to their role in producing ova, the ovaries also have the distinction of being an endocrine gland because they secrete hormones—primarily estrogen and progesterone—that are vital to normal reproductive development and fertility. The ovaries are oval shaped and about the size of a large grape.
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• The synthesis and secretion of estrogen is stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is, in turn, controlled by the hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). High levels of estrogens suppress the release of GnRH, providing a negative-feedback control of hormone levels.
• The formation of the corpus luteum (which produces the majority of progesterone) is triggered by a surge in luteinising hormone production by the anterior pituitary gland.