Question

the project of dismantling and moving the temples in the valley to higher ground coaat
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Answer 1

Answer:

In 1964, one of the world's largest and most spectacular dismantling and reassembly projects was begun in Egypt. To rescue the ancient temples in Abu Simbel from the waters of the Nile, the temples had to be relocated. The feat was accomplished through international collaboration, with Atlas Copco contributing with its technical know-how and equipment.

The ancient Abu Simbel temples, before the relocation 65 meters higher up and 200 meters further inland.

In 1959, UNESCO received an official request from the Egyptian and Sudanese governments regarding the rescue of the unique temples in Abu Simbel. With the construction of the large Aswan Dam, two ancient temples would be submerged and irreparably damaged. These twin temples, one larger and one smaller, were built more than 3,200 years ago by Ramses II as monuments to himself and his queen Nefertari.

International fund-raising began for the project in 1960. It was the Swedish company Vattenbyggnadsbyrån that solved the complex matter of how the temples could be saved. The temples were not built of stone or any other material, but were instead carved into a cliff. To move the temples, the rock above the temple roofs first had to be "peeled away". The roofs, walls and not the least the temple facades were then cut into blocks, each weighing between 20 and 30 tons. Several Swedish companies participated in the rescue action. Besides Atlas Copco, Sandvik, Skånska Cement and Sentab also took part.

Because the temples were carved in porous sandstone, explosives could not be used to any greater degree. The stone masses above the temple roofs were instead removed with bulldozers. Atlas Copco's one-man pneumatic breaker turned out to be a very useful tool, together with compressors and drills. The walls, roofs and facade were sawed into blocks with handsaws from Sandvik, due to power saws causing too much waste when cutting the porous sandstone. The cuts could not be permitted to distract from the appearance of the temples after reassembly.