The relation between thermal conductivity and viscosity of a gas is
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A theory along classical lines is developed from the point of view of the solid state. The vibrational frequency in the liquid state is assumed approx. equal to that in the solid state, but the equilibrium positions are considered slowly displaced with time. The theory leads to the equation
hv1/3 = Ae c/vT, with A and c arbitrary consts.,
h the viscosity, v the volume and T the absolute temperature This equation agrees with exptl. data closely for all liquids except water and a few tertiary alcs.
ANDRADE developed a theory of viscosity of liquids based on a model in which the molecules are regarded as executing vibrations essentially similar to those characteristic of the solid state, the chief difference between the solid and the liquid states being that in the latter the amplitudes of the vibrations are so large that molecules make collisions (resulting in ‘temporary unions’) with neighbours at every extreme displacement. His viscosity equation is where η is the viscosity of the liquid, m the mass of a molecule in the liquid, ν its vibration frequency, and σ the average distance between the centres of the molecules.
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