"The revolution of 2007 BS had ended the family rule and introduced another dictatorial rule in the country."Present your logic in favor or against of this state ment.
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Globe, Map and Map Technology Globe Globe is a representation or model of the Earth’s surface in the form of a hollow ball. It is kept on a frame of iron or wood by leaning at an angle of 66.5°. Its upper side is north, down side is south, right side is east and left side is west direction. Globes are of two types: physical and political. Latitudes, longitudes, continents, islands, oceans, seas, mountains, etc are shown on the globe like in a map. As it is spherical, whole parts of the earth can be observed properly. Map A map is a representation of the earth surface, as a whole or part of it on a plain surface. Various facts are shown in a map by indicating with legend, colour and shading. Map is the main base required in the geography. It is important and useful in many sectors like education, administration, planning, industry, agriculture, trade, transportation, travelling, warfare, etc. A book containing maps and vital statistics relating to geographical regions is called Atlas. The science, skill or art of making maps is called cartography. A person engaged in cartography, or the production of maps is called cartographer. Types of Map There are several types of maps. Each shows different information. Most maps include a compass rose, which indicates which way is north, south, east and west. They also include a scale so we can estimate distances. Some of the types of maps are: M Climate map: It gives general information about the climate and precipitation (rain and snow) of a N region. Cartographers use colours to show different climate or precipitation zones. M Economic orresource map: It shows the natural resources or economic activity that dominates an area. Cartographers use symbols to show the locations of natural resources or economic activities. M Physical map: It illustrates the Climate Map physical features of an area, such as the mountains, rivers and lakes. Our Earth 251
N N Physical Map Political Map M Political map: It indicates state and national boundaries and capital and major cities. A capital city is usually marked with a star within a circle. M Road map: It shows highways, roads, airports, railway tracks, cities and other points of interest in an area. People use road maps to plan trips and for driving directions. M Topographic map: It includes contour lines to show the shape and elevation of an area. Lines that are close together indicate steep terrain, and lines that are far apart indicate flat terrain. Elements of Map A good map contains essential features which are known as elements of map. Scale, legend, title, north direction, etc are the major elements of map. These elements help to understand the information. Scale: Scale is the ratio of distance on map to the actual distance on the ground. For example: if an actual distance of 5 km is represented on the map by a distance of 1 cm, the scale is 1 cm = 5 km. There are three ways in which scales are depicted on the map. They are: Verbal scale, Graphical scale and Representative fraction. Legend: A map legend is a table or chart included on a map to indicate the meaning of the map’s varied symbols. It is also called the key of map. Each symbol, shading or colour gives a definite meaning on the map. For example: a small triangular shape for a mountain peak, a small black circle for a city. Colour: Blue colour is used to show water bodies. Green is typically used at lower elevations, and orange or brown colour indicates higher elevation and white colour indicates the snow-covered area. Map Making Methods There are many ways of making maps. The traditional ways of making maps have been changed due to the advancement of communication technology. Some of the commonly used ways of making maps are presented below: a. Freehand Method: In this method, a map is observed thoroughly and copied on another sheet. 252 SOCIAL STUDIES - GRADE 10
b. Carbon Method: A carbon paper is used to make another copy of a map. c. Tracing Method: A map can be made using glass table. For this, the original map is stuck on the inner surface and a blank sheet is kept on the outer surface of the glass table. When, enough light is passed from the bottom of the table with the help of tube light, the image of the original map is clearly seen and new map can be made on that blank sheet. Copy of map can also be prepared by putting tracing paper over the original map and drawing the map gently with pencil on tracing paper. d. Photocopy: A map is photocopied in order to produce more similar maps. e. Square Method: Several vertical and horizontal lines are drawn to make squares on the original map. Similar lines of the same measurements are also drawn on another blank sheet of paper and a map is drawn on it focusing on each square. f. GIS Method: This is a method of making map from computer with the help of special software. Most of the maps are produced and processed from this method in the world.