the romantic revival was a reaction to the pseudo classification of the eighteenth century. discuss the major who contributed to the reaction and revival.
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The first half of the nineteenth century records the triumph of romanticism in literature and of democracy in Government. Newton's science and Locke's philosophy were important contributions to the eighteenth century ethos that made the literature of Pope and Dryden. The revolution of 1789 had violently shaken English thought and aroused liberal ideas in England. Moreover, Rousseau stirred up the red up the ideas which helped on a revolutionary movement in literature not less than in politics and in education. England assimilated the philosophical ideas of Kant and Hegal and the revolutionary ideas of the French philosophers which created the literary movement of Romanticism.
Romanticism in the broad sense meant individualism and the revival of imaginative faculty in the matter of literary compositions. Romanticism is described as return to Nature and 'the renascence of wonder'. It is the introduction of imagination and a sense of mystery in literature.
Return to the Native
Romanticism in the broad sense meant individualism and the revival of imaginative faculty in the matter of literary compositions. Romanticism is described as return to Nature and 'the renascence of wonder'. It is the introduction of imagination and a sense of mystery in literature.
The Lyrical Ballads published by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 inaugurated the romantic era. It is called the period of Romantic Revival because the glorious productions of the nineteenth century had a close kinship with those of the spacious age of Elizabeth. Unbridled imagination, the first joy of a new found power - the inevitable consequence of the Renaissance and Reformation characterised the Elizabethan and Caroline literature in the seventeenth century. But this spirit of imaginative enthusiasm was subjected to deep scrutiny and close criticism by the growing self-consciousness of the nation in the next age - the age of Pope and Johnson. During the eighteenth century, in society, in politics, in life and literature which is but a reflection of life, it stood for order, dignity, clarity and for a certain standard of grace and beauty of 'correctness' and decorum in expression, and for the smothering of all passions and emotions which came to be regarded as barbaric and genteel. Against this spirit the natural reaction was the second Romantic movement which was actually founded by William Blake and strengthened by William Wordsworth.
Victor Hugo describes romanticism as 'liberalism in literature'. Wordsworth in his preface to the Lyrical Ballads boldly asserts "Those who have been accustomed to the guadiness and inane phraseology of modern writers, if they persist in reading this book to its conclusion will no doubt, frequently have to struggle with feelings of strangeness and awkwardness." Romantic movement thus made a reaction against the eighteenth century tradition of Pope, Dryden and Johnson both in matter and manner. It made a revolt against the so-called classical poetry which, delighting in order, grace, clarity and precision forgot the one thing which alone makes true poetry i.e, inspiration and imagination. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Keats and Byron broke away from the artificial tradition of certain conventions, stereotyped expressions, capitalised personifications, uninspired imageries, rhetorical arguments and rebaptised English poetry with the fire of inspiration and the water or emotion and sentiment. Revolt against rules, imaginative recreation or Nature and human life, love of the strange interest in the enchanting past, love ot Nature and re-interpretation of it as an important part of cosmic drama, increased interest in elemental feelings of common human beings, subjective emotion and subtle elasticity in style are the pre-dominant features of romantic poetry.
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