Question

The soap molecule has a
(a) hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
(b) hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail
(c) hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail
(d) hydrophilic head and a hydrophilic tail

NCERT Class X
Science - Exemplar Problems

Chapter_Carbon and its Compounds

Answer 1

A soap molecules has a
(a) hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

Answer 2

The soap molecule has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

Option (a)

Explanation:

• Soap is a potassium or sodium salt of high fatty acids and has a general formula, $\mathrm{RCOO}^{-}  \mathrm{Na}^{+}$. When mixed with water, it dissociates into positive ($\mathrm{Na}^{+}$) and negative ($\mathrm{RCOO}^{-}$) ions. The $\mathrm{RCOO}^{-}$ ions consists of two polar and non- polar groups, R and $\mathrm{COO}^{-}$.
• The R is a non-polar ‘tail' of the long hydrocarbon chain and is hydrophobic (water-hating). And, the $\mathrm{COO}^{-}$ is a polar 'head' of the long hydrocarbon chain and is hydrophilic (water-hating).

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