the spoils system of appointment is particularly association with
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In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends (cronyism), and relatives (nepotism) as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep..
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The spoils system in the Gilded Age
At the heart of each president’s administration was the protection of the spoils system, that is, the power of the president to practice widespread political patronage. Patronage, in this case, took the form of the president naming his friends and supporters to various political posts. Given the close calls in presidential elections during this era, the maintenance of political machinery and repaying favors with patronage was particularly important for presidents, regardless of their party affiliation.
A cartoon shows Andrew Jackson riding a pig, which is walking over “fraud”, “bribery”, and “spoils” and feeding on “plunder.”
A cartoon shows Andrew Jackson riding a pig, which is walking over “fraud”, “bribery”, and “spoils” and feeding on “plunder.”
This political cartoon satirizing the spoils system shows 1830s president Andrew Jackson riding a pig, which is walking over “fraud," “bribery,” and “spoils,” and feeding on “plunder.” Image credit: Openstax.
As the table below depicts, every single president elected from 1876 through 1892 won despite receiving less than 50 percent of the popular vote. This established a repetitive cycle of relatively weak presidents who owed many political favors that could be repaid through one prerogative power: patronage. As a result, the spoils system allowed those with political influence to ascend to powerful positions within the government, regardless of their level of experience or skill, thus compounding both the inefficiency of government as well as enhancing the opportunities for corruption.