Question

the sprinkler moves on which principle and how​

Answer 1

The rotation of the sprinkler is explained on the basis of Newton's 3rd Law. As soon as water comes out of the nozzle of the sprinkler, it exerts an equal force on the nozzle in opposite direction. And the sprinkler starts rotating.

Answer 2

The oscillating sprinkler works on the principle that water provides the power to move the elliptical cam (or heart-shaped cam in some models) which moves the sprinkler arm. Water spins a simple turbine which must be attached to a series of gears stacked up (called a gear train) to slow down the speed of the water.

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