Question

The stability of +1 oxidation state in group-13 increases down the group. Why ?
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Answer 1

Answer:

The stability of +1 oxidation state progressively increases for the heavier element of group 13 due to inert pair effect in which on moving down the group, due to poor shielding effect of intervening d and f orbitals, the increased effective nuclear charge holds ns electrons tightly and thereby, restricting their participation in bonding and only p-orbital electron may be involved in bonding.

Answer 2

Due to inert pair effect and effective nuclear charge as we move down the group in group lower oxidation state becomes more stable.

As we move down the +1 oxidation state becomes stable but +2 oxidation state stability decreases.