The substance W is necessary for the normal growth and development of all types of plants and animals. An acute scarcity of substance W has an ill effect on plants which can hinder the natural process X in plants causing a severe shortage of Y leading to famine. It may also lead to the shortage of Z which is essential for breathing and respiration. What could W, X, Y, Z be?
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Answer:
Deforestation is a primary contributor to climate change.[1] Land use changes, especially in the form of deforestation,[2] are the second largest anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions, after fossil fuel combustion.[3] Greenhouse gases are emitted during combustion of forest biomass and decomposition of remaining plant material and soil carbon. Global models and national greenhouse gas inventories give similar results for deforestation emissions.[2] Although deforestation and peatland degradation are only about 10% of global carbon dioxide emissions as of 2019, growing forests are also a carbon sink with additional potential to mitigate the effects of climate change. Some of the effects of climate change, such as more wildfires, may increase deforestation.[4]
Deforestation comes in many forms: wildfire, agricultural clearcutting, livestock ranching, and logging for timber, among others. The vast majority of agricultural activity resulting in deforestation is subsidized by government tax revenue.[5] Forests cover 31% of the land area on Earth and annually 75,700 square kilometers (18.7 million acres) of the forest is lost.[6] Mass deforestation continues to threaten tropical forests, their biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. The main area of concern of deforestation is in tropical rain forests since they are home to the majority of the planet's biodiversity.