The teacher said to the student,"Do not make noise"(into indirect speech)
Answers
Indirect = The teacher told the students not to make noise.
Answer:
The teacher told the students not to make noise.
Explanation:
In indirect speech, words generally have referents appropriate to the context in which the act of reporting takes place, rather than that in which the speech act being reported took place (or is conceived as taking place). The two acts often differ in a reference point (origo) – the point in time and place and the person speaking – and also in the person being addressed and the linguistic context. Thus when a sentence involves words or forms whose referents depend on these circumstances, they are liable to change when the sentence is put into indirect speech. In particular, this commonly affects:
personal pronouns, such as I, you, he, we, and the corresponding verb forms (in pro-drop languages the meaning of the pronoun may be conveyed solely by verb inflection).
demonstratives, such as this and that.
phrases of relative time or place such as now, yesterday and here.
There may also be a change of tense or other modifications to the form of the verb, such as change of mood. These changes depend on the grammar of the language in question – some examples can be found in the following sections.
Indirect speech need not refer to a speech act that has actually taken place; it may concern future or hypothetical discourse; for example, If you ask him why he's wearing that hat, he'll tell you to mind your own business. Also, even when referring to a known completed speech act, the reporter may deviate freely from the words that were actually used, provided the meaning is retained. This contrasts with direct speech, where there is an expectation that the original words will be reproduced exactly.
Some examples of changes in form in indirect speech in English are given below. See also Sequence of tenses, and Uses of English verb forms § Indirect speech.
It is raining hard.
She says that it is raining hard. (no change)
She said that it was raining hard. (change of tense when the main verb is past tense)
I have painted the ceiling blue.
He said that he has painted the ceiling blue. (change of person and tense)
I will come to your party tomorrow.
I said that I would come to his party the next day/the following day. (change of tense, person and time expression)
How do people manage to live in this city?
I asked him how people managed to live in that city. (change of tense and question syntax, and of demonstrative)
Please leave the room.
I asked them to leave the room. (use of infinitive phrase)
I am a traitor...
You believe me to be a traitor... (use of infinitive phrase)
The tense changes illustrated above (also called backshifting), which occur because the main verb ("said", "asked") is in the past tense, are not obligatory when the situation described is still valid:
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