Question

the teacher taught the student the Earth moves round the sun​

Answer 1

Answer:

• The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. "The earth moves around the sun" - it is universal truth so in Indirect Speech, the tense of the sentence be same as in Direct Speech, i.e., in Present Indefinite Tense and "said to" changes into "told".

Answer 2

Yes that is correct
2 types of movements - Rotation and Revolution