the temperature of a place depends largerly upon oys layitudes
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Temperature of a place depends largely upon its latitude because places near the equator(o degree) are very hot because here rays of sun are vertical and places near to (23 1/2 degree north and south)tropics
have moderate climate as the rays of sun are neither vertical or slanting and places near (66 1/2 north and south) or arctic circles have extreme cold due to slanting rays of sun
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FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE TEMPERATURE OF A LATITUDE
ALTITUDE OR HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL
Yet the temperature does not depend on latitude alone. Mt. Kenya in EastAfrica is on the Equator. Yet its peak is always covered under snow, because itis over 5000 meters above sea level. Bermuda islands are situated at 30° Nlatitude in the Atlantic Ocean, over 3200 km from the Equator. These islandsnever have snowfall. Bangalore and Chennai as well as Ludhiana and Shimlarespectively in South and North India are situated on two different but samelatitudes. Yet both Bangalore and Shimla remain cooler than Chennai andLudhiana respectively because of their higher altitude. It is because theatmosphere is not directly heated by the Sun's rays. First, the Sun's rays heatthe earth's surface then, the lower atmosphere is heated by conduction fromthe earth. Close to the earth's surface, the layers of air are denser than athigher altitudes. So the temperature nearer the earth's surface is more thanthat higher up. Thus, as we go to higher altitudes, the temperature goes ondecreasing. In general, on climbing every 166 meters, there is fall of 1°C intemperature (or a fall of 1°F for every 300’. This is known as normal lapse rate.Hence, if the temperature at a place at sea-level is 26°C, then at the top of amountain of 1,660 meters height the temperature will be 16°C approximately).We can draw a conclusion that temperature of an object or of a place does notdepend only on the amount of heat which it receives but also upon the amountof heat it loses. If an object loses more heat than the heat received from theSun, it gets colder and its temperature falls and the vice-versa. An elevatedplateau received more heat than a piece of low ground because Sun's rays havecrossed a lesser thickness of atmosphere to reach it. But loss of heat is rapidfrom the clearer, dust-free rarefied air of the plateau than from the low ground.In the low area the air is dense and dust particles as well as water vapors aremore helping greater retention of heat. The result is that elevated areas remain
colder of the two. However, in mountain regions, at times, the temperature isless in valleys than at greater heights. It occurs particularly on calm, cold winter nights, when the sky is clear and the air very dry. Because of theseconditions, the heat from the earth's surface and the lower layer of theatmosphere escapes rapidly back into space, making the upper slopes warmer. The cold is further increased by the sinking of the cool air from the mountainsides. Thus, there is a reversal in the vertical distribution of temperature. Thisis known as the Inversion of Temperature. This phenomenon is very commonin the mid-latitude regions.
DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
At seaside in summer, water is cool and the sand nearby is hot though each isreceiving the same amount of heat from the Sun. Why? Land and water differin their behavior when heated. Sun's rays pass through water to a great depthas water is transparent. Water is also mobile and so the warm water mixeseasily with the cold water. Because of these reasons, the water is neitherheated not cooled quickly. Its temperature rises very slowly. In contrast to this,the Sun's rays heat a piece of land more rapidly because the heat obtained bythe piece does not mix with other pieces or layers of land. Therefore the landgets heated or cooled more quickly than water.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE TEMPERATURE OF A LATITUDE
ALTITUDE OR HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL
Yet the temperature does not depend on latitude alone. Mt. Kenya in EastAfrica is on the Equator. Yet its peak is always covered under snow, because itis over 5000 meters above sea level. Bermuda islands are situated at 30° Nlatitude in the Atlantic Ocean, over 3200 km from the Equator. These islandsnever have snowfall. Bangalore and Chennai as well as Ludhiana and Shimlarespectively in South and North India are situated on two different but samelatitudes. Yet both Bangalore and Shimla remain cooler than Chennai andLudhiana respectively because of their higher altitude. It is because theatmosphere is not directly heated by the Sun's rays. First, the Sun's rays heatthe earth's surface then, the lower atmosphere is heated by conduction fromthe earth. Close to the earth's surface, the layers of air are denser than athigher altitudes. So the temperature nearer the earth's surface is more thanthat higher up. Thus, as we go to higher altitudes, the temperature goes ondecreasing. In general, on climbing every 166 meters, there is fall of 1°C intemperature (or a fall of 1°F for every 300’. This is known as normal lapse rate.Hence, if the temperature at a place at sea-level is 26°C, then at the top of amountain of 1,660 meters height the temperature will be 16°C approximately).We can draw a conclusion that temperature of an object or of a place does notdepend only on the amount of heat which it receives but also upon the amountof heat it loses. If an object loses more heat than the heat received from theSun, it gets colder and its temperature falls and the vice-versa. An elevatedplateau received more heat than a piece of low ground because Sun's rays havecrossed a lesser thickness of atmosphere to reach it. But loss of heat is rapidfrom the clearer, dust-free rarefied air of the plateau than from the low ground.In the low area the air is dense and dust particles as well as water vapors aremore helping greater retention of heat. The result is that elevated areas remain
colder of the two. However, in mountain regions, at times, the temperature isless in valleys than at greater heights. It occurs particularly on calm, cold winter nights, when the sky is clear and the air very dry. Because of theseconditions, the heat from the earth's surface and the lower layer of theatmosphere escapes rapidly back into space, making the upper slopes warmer. The cold is further increased by the sinking of the cool air from the mountainsides. Thus, there is a reversal in the vertical distribution of temperature. Thisis known as the Inversion of Temperature. This phenomenon is very commonin the mid-latitude regions.
DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
At seaside in summer, water is cool and the sand nearby is hot though each isreceiving the same amount of heat from the Sun. Why? Land and water differin their behavior when heated. Sun's rays pass through water to a great depthas water is transparent. Water is also mobile and so the warm water mixeseasily with the cold water. Because of these reasons, the water is neitherheated not cooled quickly. Its temperature rises very slowly. In contrast to this,the Sun's rays heat a piece of land more rapidly because the heat obtained bythe piece does not mix with other pieces or layers of land. Therefore the landgets heated or cooled more quickly than water.
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