The third period contains only eight elements even thaugh the electron capacity of third shell is 18 .
give reason in your own words.
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A full valence shell is the most stable electron configuration. Elements in other groups have partially-filled valence shells and gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Yes, The maximum capacity of the third electron shell is 18 but it will get stable at 8 electrons too. But when the other shells get filled and the resultant no of electrons becomes 18 it gets added up and settles in the third electron shell.
Period number is given by the last shell which an electron enters into. The electrons fill up 3s and 3p subshells (total electrons = 2+6=8, hence 8 elements), and then they start filling 4s before going back to 3d. As said before, 3d accommodates 10 electrons, hence the deficiency in your question.
The third shell has 9 orbitals: 3s, 3p and 3d, well the atoms in the third period use the 1s subshell then 2s then 2p then 3s then 3p and before they fill in their 4s subshell and the 4s subshell lies in the 4th period. That’s why the “3rd period only contains 8 electrons.” The 3d subshell gets filled in the 4th preiod. Thats why some elements in the 3rd period can apparently “expand” their octet, e.g. sulphur. This is based on the aufbau principle
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