Question

The transfer of heat takes place continuously in the universe. It’s difficult to study how heat behaves because it flows in all directions. To solve this problem, physical scientists use a setup with a boundary that doesn’t allow heat to leave or enter. They place objects at different temperatures inside the boundary and study what happens. These experiments help scientists derive certain laws of heat transfer.
One of these laws states that heat flows from warmer objects or regions to colder objects or regions. The flow continues until the two objects reach the same temperature, which is called thermal equilibrium. The amount of energy the warmer object loses equals the amount of energy the cooler object gains.The exchange of heat takes place between objects that are in contact until they reach thermal equilibrium, which means all objects around us eventually have the same temperature. For example, consider placing a glass of cold water and a cup of hot coffee on a table. If we check their temperatures after an hour, we’ll see that the temperature of the coffee is the same as that of the water.
However, there are times when two objects don’t reach thermal equilibrium. This situation occurs if thermal energy is added to the system of two objects. For example, our body temperature isn’t always equal to the temperature of our surroundings. We produce thermal energy from the food we eat. So, we’re usually warmer than our surroundings. We don’t reach thermal equilibrium with our surroundings—that would spell trouble for our health!


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