The tribal people generally lived in
remote areas such as dense
forests,
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Answer:
But most of the known uncontacted tribes live in South America, deep in the Amazon rainforest. Brazil claims to have most of the world's uncontacted people, estimating as many as 77 tribes – though National Geographic estimates as many as 84. Many of them live in the western states of Mato Grosso, Rondonia, and Acre.
Answer:
In India it has been observed that wherever there is a large concentration of forest, there is also high concentration of tribal people in particular, and of the rural population in general. Rural people are dependent on forest resources for their livelihoods. For many of them, not only do the resources provide economic sustenance, but the forest is also a way of life socially and culturally. It meets basic needs like fuelwood, fodder and small timber that are important for them and their livestock. Degradation and depletion of the forest resources are increasing poverty and suffering among the rural people. Therefore, it is imperative to rehabilitate degraded forest resources in order to sustain rural livelihoods. This is possible only through devolution of power to the people for the management of forest. There have been several popular movements in India to protect the rights of the local people.
The National Forest Policy 1988 of the Government of India envisaged people's involvement in conservation, protection and management of forest. It emphasized that forest produce must go first to the people living in and around forests. Further, in June 1990 a Government resolution supported involvement of non-governmental organizations and the creation of village level institutions in forest management. With the active support of local organizations people's participation in forest management, was initiated and is generally known as Joint Forest Management (JFM) in India. Now, it is recognized that participatory management of forests is key to sustainable development for people and forests. This paper examines the experiences of JFM in the last decade to show the strengths of participatory management. This paper also pleads for suitable institutional arrangements for ensuring livelihood options for rural people and augmentation of forest resources, as both are crucial for the nation's development.
However, forest area is being rapidly depleted due to the heavy pressure of population on land. Having about 2.5% of world's geographic area, India at present is supporting 16% of planet's human population and 18% of cattle population. The forest cover has been reducing both in quality and extent. The degradation is not only indicated by crown density decline but also soil erosion, lack of natural regeneration. Between 1950 and 1980 India lost about 4.3 million ha. of forest land for non-forest use like development of agriculture, heavy industries and other developmental process. Complete with this there are serious problems of encroachment, grazing, forest fire, shifting cultivation and illegal felling. Most of the flora and fauna species are endangered with a serious economic implication. A recent World Bank report estimated that due to degradation and deforestation the loss has been up to one million ha. per year during 1970s to 1980s. The depletion of the forest resources has aroused the passion of the rural poor in particular and the general public. As such, there have been spontaneous popular movements. Conservation and protection of forestland has become a top priority for the country's development.
The land area of India totals 328.7 million ha. of which 142.5 million ha. (43.3%) is under agriculture, forests cover 76.5 million ha. (23.27%). According to the State of Forest Report (FSI 1997), the actual forest cover is 63.34 million ha (19.27%) of which 26.13 million ha. are degraded. (NFAP 1999).
Explanation:
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