Question

The two titles given to Mahmud of Ghazni according to the context of Indian history.​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Mahmud of Ghazni (Persian: محمود غزنوی‎; 2 November 971 – 30 April 1030) was the first independent ruler of the Turkic[1][2] dynasty of Ghaznavids, ruling from 999 to 1030. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern Iran proper to the Punjab in the Indian subcontinent, Khwarazm in Transoxiana, and Makran.

Answer 2

Mahmud of Ghazni (Persian: محمود غزنوی‎; 2 November 971 – 30 April 1030) was the first independent ruler of the Turkic[1][2] dynasty of Ghaznavids, ruling from 999 to 1030. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern Iran proper to the Punjab in the Indian subcontinent, Khwarazm in Transoxiana, and Makran.

Mahmud of Ghazni
محمود غزنوی
سلطان محمود غزنوی.JPG
Medieval illustration of Mahmud and his court
Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire
Reign
999 – 30 April 1030
Predecessor
Ismail of Ghazni
Successor
Muhammad of Ghazni
Born
2 November 971
Ghazni, Zabulistan, Samanid Empire (present-day Afghanistan)
Died
30 April 1030 (aged 58)
Ghazni, Zabulistan, Ghaznavid Empire (present-day Afghanistan)
Burial
Ghazni
Issue
Jalal al-Dawla Muhammad
Shihab al-Dawla Masud
Izz al-Dawla Abd al-Rashid
Suleiman
Shuja
Full name
Yamīn-ud-Dawla Abul-Qāṣim Maḥmūd ibn Sebüktegīn
Persian
یمین‌الدوله ابوالقاسم محمود بن سبکتگین
Dynasty
Ghaznavid
Father
Sabuktigin
Religion
Sunni Islam
Highly Persianized,[3] Sultan Mahmud continued the bureaucratic, political, and cultural customs of his predecessors, the Samanids, which established the ground for a Persianate state in northwestern India.[4] His capital of Ghazni evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual centre in the Islamic world, almost rivalling the important city of Baghdad. The capital appealed to many prominent figures, such as al-Biruni and Ferdowsi.[4]

Mahmud ascended the throne at the age of 27[5] upon his father's death, albeit after a brief war of succession with his brother Ismail. He was the first ruler to hold the title Sultan ("authority"), signifying the extent of his power while at the same time preserving an ideological link to the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate. During his rule, he invaded and plundered the richest cities and temple towns in medieval India seventeen times, and used the booty to build his capital in Ghazni.[6][7]