Question

The upward and downward movement of ocean water is known as wave or tide??

Answer 1

The upward and downward movement of ocean water is known as tide.

What causes tides ?

Tides are periodic rise and fall of large water bodies. Tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon. The gravitational attraction of the Moon causes the oceans to bulge out in the direction of Moon. Another bulge occur in the opposite direction, since the Earth is also being pulled towards the Moon (and away from the water on on the far side). Since the Earth is rotating while this is happening, two tides occur each day. Sir Issac Newton was the first person who explained the tides scientifically. 

Spring tides are especially strong tides. They occur when the Earth, the Moon and the Sun are in a straight line. The gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun both contribute to the tides. Spring tides occur during the full moon and the new moon. 

Neap tides are especially weak tides. They occur when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are perpendicular to one another with respect to the Earth. Neap tides occur during the quarter moons.