The upward movement of water normally requires pump in our houses but in tall trees water moves upward without any external support explain this mechanism
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The water sticks to the side of the xylem and does not fall back down. This process is called capillary action. The cohesion formed by the individual water molecules, the tension between the water molecules and the xylem creates such a strong attraction that capillary action gets water to the tips of the tallest trees.
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This is done through the vascular system of the tree.
The xylem tissues (consisting of xylem parenchyma, xylem fibers, tracheids and vessels) form unidirectional conducting tissues throughout the plant body.
Ascent of Sap [ Mainly at night ]
They actively take up ions from the soil through the roots. To eliminate this difference, water moves into the root. From the root cells, the water moves into subsequent xylem cells through osmosis to equalize its concentration.
Transpiration Pull [ Mainly during the day ]
If there is sufficient water supply, water is lost from the aerial part of the plant (such as leaves), creating a suction that pulls the column of water upwards.
Thus, by these two mechanisms, water is transported through the tree without external support.