Question

The working principle of distillation of water by solar energy

Answer 1

Answer:

Solar water distillation is the process of using energy from the sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. The untreated water absorbs heat, slowly reaching high temperatures. The heat causes the water to evaporate, cool, and condense into vapour, leaving the contaminants behind. Solar stills can be used for low capacity and self-reliant water supplying systems.

HOW IT WORKS

Solar water distillers or solar stills are usually used in remote areas where there is limited access to freshwater. The basic principles of solar water distillation are simple, yet effective, as distillation replicates the way nature makes rain. A solar still works on two scientific principles: evaporation and condensation. The salts and minerals do not evaporate with the water. For example, table salt does not turn into vapour until it gets to a temperature over 1400ºC. However, it still does take a certain amount of energy for water to turn into water vapour. While a certain amount of energy is needed to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water from 0ºC to 100ºC, it takes five and one-half times that much to change it from water at 100ºC to water vapour at 100ºC. Practically all this energy, however, is given back when the water vapour condenses.

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